Responding to the external environment Animals and plants (light)

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Presentation transcript:

Responding to the external environment Animals and plants (light)

The eye dness.htmhttp:// dness.htm

Location and protection Located in the orbits. Protection – bony ridges of the orbit and eye lids Lachrymal gland. Conjunctiva.

retina

Rods and cones Transducers and are sensitive to different light stimuli. Rods - _____ light intensity. Pigment - rhodopsin Cones - ___, ___, & _____ light. Pigment – iodopsin.

Rods Evenly distribution. Rhodopsin is found in the outer segment – the lamellea. Mitochondria is needed for the resynthesis of rhodopsin.

Rhodopsin Made from opsin (a protein) and retinal (derived from Vit A). Retinal – cis and trans form. In light it changes to the trans form. A generator potential forms – hyperpolarisation. Na is pumped and the membrane becomes less permeable so Na can’t re-enter (-ve charge). Rhodopsin breaks down quickly, but time some time to resynthesis. The cells are bleached.

Cones - colour Fewer vesicles. Contain iodopsin (3 forms) – trichromatic theory. Higher concentration around fovea. Different synapse structure.

synapses

Detecting light in plants Phytochrome pigment