Unit 7 – Imperialism through World War I Lesson # 2 – Imperialism – Day 1

Imperialism through World War I Bell ringer: Bell ringer: Have you ever tried to control someone younger, smaller, or weaker? Why? How did you assert your power? (if you’ve never done this, write about a time you’ve seen it done) Have you ever tried to control someone younger, smaller, or weaker? Why? How did you assert your power? (if you’ve never done this, write about a time you’ve seen it done) Complete reading – Introduction to Imperialism Complete reading – Introduction to Imperialism Objective: Objective: Explain how the Industrial Revolution led to competition for resources among industrialized nations. Analyze the effects of competition on nationalism. Explain how new imperialism impacted colonized peoples. Explain how the Industrial Revolution led to competition for resources among industrialized nations. Analyze the effects of competition on nationalism. Explain how new imperialism impacted colonized peoples. Homework: Study Notes Homework: Study NotesAgenda Guided Notes Imperialism Activities with a partner

1870s-1914 This overlaps with the Industrial Revolution, but they are NOT THE SAME! The New Imperialism

Imperialism – the forceful takeover of one country/region by another Imperialism – the forceful takeover of one country/region by another Definition

Introduction to New Imperialism and Explaining Rwanda

Text Quest Complete questions 1-7 Complete questions 1-7 Pages 757 & 758 Pages 757 & 758 Time: 20 minutes Time: 20 minutes

The IR leads to the colonization of Africa The IR leads to the colonization of Africa –New technology from the IR (such as the steamboat) allows Europeans to travel further inland in Africa than they had before  In his book Heart of Darkness, Joseph Conrad describes the interior of Africa as one of the last “blank spots” on the world map—New Imperialism changes that! –Business Owners need more factors of production (think land resources)— Africa has plenty! “Keep the factories hot!” The Industrial Revolution

Famous Explorers: Dr. Livingstone British British Explored over 30 yrs Explored over 30 yrs Anti-imperialist Anti-imperialist Most famous explorer Most famous explorer “Dr. Livingstone, I presume?” “Dr. Livingstone, I presume?”

Cecil Rhodes British Explorer British Explorer Came to South Africa at 17 Came to South Africa at 17 Became one of the richest men in the world Became one of the richest men in the world –Diamonds, gold Wanted $ AND power Wanted $ AND power Very pro-imperialist Very pro-imperialist

European nations could get more land in Africa and Asia, and so did not need to fight directly over the land in Europe. European nations could get more land in Africa and Asia, and so did not need to fight directly over the land in Europe. Scramble for Africa

Africa Before European Colonialism : 7 th to 16 th century Africa After Colonialism (Postcolonial era):

French Empire, 1914

Racist Motives? Many Europeans justified taking over Africans’ land by saying they were helping the “African savages” achieve civilization In his poem “The White Man’s Burden,” Rudyard Kipling explains African Imperialism as a mission from God to spread Christianity and other Western beliefs

European leaders meet to stop fighting over Africa No Africans invited RESULT: no European country could claim part of Africa unless they set up a government office there 20 years later: Almost entire continent divided No attention paid to traditional or ethnic patterns 1884: The Berlin Conference

Economic Effects in Africa: Infrastructure built - roads, schools, hospitals, telephones, etc… Infrastructure built - roads, schools, hospitals, telephones, etc… Cash crop economies - unsustainable and no diversification of foodstuffs Cash crop economies - unsustainable and no diversification of foodstuffs Uneven development - only areas around natural resources that mattered to Europeans Uneven development - only areas around natural resources that mattered to Europeans

Other Economic Effects in Africa:

Ethiopia – modernized already to successfully fight off Italian imperialists Liberia – founded by freed US slaves, and so had the protection of the U.S. Resistance to Imperialism (Page 221 in Notebook)

Unit 7 – Imperialism through World War I Lesson # 2 – Imperialism (The Scramble for Africa)

Imperialism Bell ringer: Quiz Today Who or what should decide a country’s borders? Why? Objective: Explain how the Industrial Revolution led to competition for resources among industrialized nations. Analyze the effects of competition on nationalism. Explain how new imperialism impacted colonized peoples. Notes Annotated Timeline – Road Map to World War I Homework: Finish Annotated Timeline; Extra Credit Political Cartoon

AGE OF IMPERIALISM AFRICA

Prior to 1880, Europeans control little of Africa directly Prior to 1880, Europeans control little of Africa directly –By 1914 only two African nations are still independent –Known as the “Scramble for Africa” Scientific advances helped make controlling Africa easier Scientific advances helped make controlling Africa easier –Discovery of the drug quinine which treated malaria –Development of the first automatic machine gun gave Europeans a huge military advantage

GREAT BRITAIN British set up settlements along the Gold Coast and in Sierra Leone British set up settlements along the Gold Coast and in Sierra Leone Establishes a protectorate over warring groups in Nigeria Establishes a protectorate over warring groups in Nigeria The British take an active interest in Egypt after the Suez Canal opens because it greatly reduces the time it takes to get to India The British take an active interest in Egypt after the Suez Canal opens because it greatly reduces the time it takes to get to India  “Lifeline to India” – want control over canal area –Buys Egypt’s share in the Suez Canal –Egypt becomes a British protectorate so that Britain can protect its interest in the Suez Canal  Gain control of the Sudan to protect Egypt (British East Africa)

FRANCE France added the huge area of French West Africa France added the huge area of French West Africa –Controls the largest part of West Africa –1879 after 150,000 French people settle in Algeria, the gov’t of France claims it –1881 imposes a protectorate over neighboring Tunisia –1912 establishes a protectorate over Morocco –Also receives part of the Congo

GERMANY Germany gains control of Togo, Cameroon, and German Southwest Africa (Namibia) Germany gains control of Togo, Cameroon, and German Southwest Africa (Namibia) German East Africa German East Africa

BELGIUM Gets a large part of the Congo Gets a large part of the Congo

PORTUGAL Claims Mozambique and Angola Claims Mozambique and Angola

ITALY Attempts to take control of Ethiopia in 1896 Attempts to take control of Ethiopia in 1896 –Invades and are defeated and embarrassed – only European nation defeated by an African state –1911 Italy invades and seizes Turkish Tripoli and renames it Libya

South Africa Boers, or Afrikaners (descendants of the original Dutch settlers) have occupied Cape Town and the surrounding areas since the 1600s Boers, or Afrikaners (descendants of the original Dutch settlers) have occupied Cape Town and the surrounding areas since the 1600s –Britain seizes these lands from the Dutch during the Napoleonic Wars –Starts a war with the Boer gov’t The Boer War The Boer War –The Boers are eventually defeated and their land goes to Britain 1910 Union of South Africa 1910 Union of South Africa –Combines Cape Colony and the Boer republics into a self-governing nation within the British Empire –Only white people could vote –Apartheid = South African government’s official policy of legalized racial segregation

Berlin Conference Europeans competed aggressively for territories in Africa and to prevent conflict, European leaders met at the Berlin Conference in Europeans competed aggressively for territories in Africa and to prevent conflict, European leaders met at the Berlin Conference in –Purpose was to divide African territory –It was agreed that when a European nation claimed a new African territory it had to notify other European nations and prove it could control the territory Africans were not invited to the conference and Europeans ignored traditional ethnic boundaries Africans were not invited to the conference and Europeans ignored traditional ethnic boundaries –Current boundaries in Africa were made by Europeans at the Berlin Conference –Long-term consequence is tribal warfare

Colonial Rule Divided among Great Britain, France, Germany, Belgium, Portugal, Italy, and Spain Divided among Great Britain, France, Germany, Belgium, Portugal, Italy, and Spain Only two African states remain independent: Only two African states remain independent: –Ethiopia – defeated the Italians –Liberia – homeland created by the U.S. for freed slaves Most Europeans rule their new territories with the least effort and cost possible Most Europeans rule their new territories with the least effort and cost possible –Many African subjects assimilate European culture

Activity # 1: White Man’s Burden

Criticism The books Heart of Darkness (written by a European) and Things Fall Apart (written by an African) both criticize the “White Man’s Burden” by saying the explorers did not care about helping Africans at all but about exploiting them to get rich

Activity 2: The Berlin Conference

Which colonial power had the most land?

Activity 3: The Map of Africa

Activity 4: Reactions to Belgian Imperialism in the Congo

Modern Imperialism? Does Imperialism still exist? In forms other than domination of another nation?

Modern Imperialism?

Imperialism Quiz Prepare for a timed quiz on Imperialism  You will need a half sheet of paper  Include Name, Date, Period, Title of Assignment  2 minutes per question  Write number and response only  No talking, papers will be collected

Imperialism Quiz 1.Which of the following is not a reason why the Industrial Revolution led to New Imperialism? (1 pt) ___ a.New technology allowed Europeans to better explore other parts of the world b.A high demand for natural resources c.Challenge of traditional authority in European government d.Europeans felt compelled to share their industrialized advantages with the world

Quiz 2. Identify two European countries that participated in the Scramble for Africa. (2 pts) ___

Quiz 3. Explain how the Scramble for Africa prevented direct conflict between European countries. (2 pts) ___

Quiz 4. Desire for raw materials, new markets, and cheap labor Desire to spread European civilization Desire to control as much land as possible These are all causes of… (1 pt) ___ a. Militarism b. Socialism c. Imperialism d. Ethnocentrism

Quiz 5. Explain Put the main idea of the “White Man’s Burden” into your own words: (2 pts) ___

Quiz 6. Which African countries were the only two to avoid being colonized by European powers? (1 pt) ___ a.Congo and South Africa b. Kenya and Nigeria c.Morocco and Tunisia d.Ethiopia and Liberia

Quiz 7. Explain one reason why the Berlin Conference was unable to bring lasting stability to Africa (1 pt) ___

Scramble for Africa How is this character portrayed? List the objects in this cartoon? How are they symbolized? Are there any captions in this cartoon? Does it need any? What information do you have that is relevant to the political cartoon? Explain and be specific.

How is this character portrayed? List the objects in this cartoon? How are they symbolized? Are there any captions in this cartoon? Does it need any? What information do you have that is relevant to the political cartoon? Explain and be specific. What is the overall message of this cartoon?

British army officials and Indian princes playing polo in 1880 What does this photo tell you about British-Indian relations at this time?

Elements for Political Cartoons Editorial- point of view or opinion Cynical-distrust of motives Symbol-object represents something else Caption- title and quotes Caricature-exaggeration of personal characteristics Personification-giving objects ability to speak, walk, etc.

Exit Ticket-Extra Credit If the Africans had been invited to the Berlin Conference how would Africa be better today? If the Africans had been invited to the Berlin Conference how would Africa be better today? –1 paragraph (5+ sentences) response –Draw an illustration with these elements EditorialCynicalSymbol CaptionCaricaturePersonification EditorialCynicalSymbol CaptionCaricaturePersonification IMPERIALISM QUIZ NEXT CLASS!!!!!!!