1 GENDER STATISTICS BY LIFE CYCLE STAGES IN ROMANIAN TIME USE SURVEY SEMINAR ON TIME USE SURVEYS (TUS) 12 OCTOBER 2006, BRUSSELS, BELGIUM DG Employment, Social Affairs and Equal Opportunities and EUROSTAT Georgeta-Marinela ISTRATE Ph.D. student National Institute of Statistics ROMANIA

2  Presenting data according to various stages of life we could discover the patterns in time use in a modern society, where it is expected that the roles of women and men be equally distributed.  Also, the presentation of time use by life cycle categories could represent a valuable tool for policy-makers, in developing strategies for helping the disadvantaged categories. Objective of study

3 Source of data used in this study TIME USE SURVEY in ROMANIA, NIS, 2001 TIME USE SURVEY in ROMANIA, NIS, 2001 Statistics in Focus–Population and social conditions, EUROSTAT, 2006 Statistics in Focus–Population and social conditions, EUROSTAT, 2006

4  SAMPLE SIZE:  SAMPLE SIZE: 9018 dwellings, distributed in two independent monthly sub-samples of 4509 dwellings each. The sample size provided reliable estimates at national and regional level.  SAMPLING DESIGN: - two-stage design; - uniform distribution of the sample by the days of the week, so as each working day had associated a weekend day.  NON-RESPONSE RATE:  NON-RESPONSE RATE:  13% TIME USE SURVEY in ROMANIA SURVEY METHODOLOGY

5 Main results of Romanian TUS

6 Figure 1 Average time use by major activity groups and gender

7 Population by life cycle category and gender within the group "single parent (all ages) youngest child<18" almost 90% are women. a high percentage of women are also to be met within the group "person 65 and above, no children<18, living in other arrangement" (77,69%). men are prevalent within the group "person 25-44, no children<18, living with parents", where almost 3 quarters are men.

8 1. Person<25, no children<18, living with parents 2. Person 25-44, no children<18, living with parents 3. Person<45, living in couple, no children<18 4. Person<45, no children<18, living in other arrangement 5. Single parent (all ages) youngest child<18 6. Person (all ages) living in couple, youngest child Person (all ages) living in couple, youngest child Person 45-64, living in couple, no children<18 9. Person 45-64, no children<18, living in other arrangement 10. Person 65 and above, living in couple, no children< Person 65 and above, no children<18, living in other arrangement 12. All Figure 2 Population by life cycle category and gender

9 1. Person<25, no children<18, living with parents 2. Person 25-44, no children<18, living with parents 3. Person<45, living in couple, no children<18 4. Person<45, no children<18, living in other arrangement 5. Single parent (all ages) youngest child<18 6. Person (all ages) living in couple, youngest child Person (all ages) living in couple, youngest child Person 45-64, living in couple, no children<18 9. Person 45-64, no children<18, living in other arrangement 10. Person 65 and above, living in couple, no children< Person 65 and above, no children<18, living in other arrangem 12. All Figure 3 Daily average time spent on sleeping by life cycle category and gender

10 Figure 4 Daily average time spent on eating and other personal care activities by life cycle category and gender 1. Person<25, no children<18, living with parents 2. Person 25-44, no children<18, living with parents 3. Person<45, living in couple, no children<18 4. Person<45, no children<18, living in other arrangement 5. Single parent (all ages) youngest child<18 6. Person (all ages) living in couple, youngest child Person (all ages) living in couple, youngest child Person 45-64, living in couple, no children<18 9. Person 45-64, no children<18, living in other arrangement 10. Person 65 and above, living in couple, no children< Person 65 and above, no children<18, living in other arrangement 12. All

11 1. Person<25, no children<18, living with parents 2. Person 25-44, no children<18, living with parents 3. Person<45, living in couple, no children<18 4. Person<45, no children<18, living in other arrangement 5. Single parent (all ages) youngest child<18 6. Person (all ages) living in couple, youngest child Person (all ages) living in couple, youngest child Person 45-64, living in couple, no children<18 9. Person 45-64, no children<18, living in other arrangement 10. Person 65 and above, living in couple, no children< Person 65 and above, no children<18, living in other arrangement 12. All Figure 5 Daily average time spent on employment activities by life cycle category and gender

12 1. Person<25, no children<18, living with parents 2. Person 25-44, no children<18, living with parents 3. Person<45, living in couple, no children<18 4. Person<45, no children<18, living in other arrangement 5. Single parent (all ages) youngest child<18 6. Person (all ages) living in couple, youngest child Person (all ages) living in couple, youngest child Person 45-64, living in couple, no children<18 9. Person 45-64, no children<18, living in other arrangement 10. Person 65 and above, living in couple, no children< Person 65 and above, no children<18, living in other arrangement 12. All Figure 6 Daily average time spent on household and family care activities by life cycle category and gender

13 1. Person<25, no children<18, living with parents 2. Person 25-44, no children<18, living with parents 3. Person<45, living in couple, no children<18 4. Person<45, no children<18, living in other arrangement 5. Single parent (all ages) youngest child<18 6. Person (all ages) living in couple, youngest child Person (all ages) living in couple, youngest child Person 45-64, living in couple, no children<18 9. Person 45-64, no children<18, living in other arrangement 10. Person 65 and above, living in couple, no children< Person 65 and above, no children<18, living in other arrangement 12. All Figure 7 Daily average time spent on participatory activities, social life, entertainment and cultural activities by life cycle category and gender

14 1. Person<25, no children<18, living with parents 2. Person 25-44, no children<18, living with parents 3. Person<45, living in couple, no children<18 4. Person<45, no children<18, living in other arrangement 5. Single parent (all ages) youngest child<18 6. Person (all ages) living in couple, youngest child Person (all ages) living in couple, youngest child Person 45-64, living in couple, no children<18 9. Person 45-64, no children<18, living in other arrangement 10. Person 65 and above, living in couple, no children< Person 65 and above, no children<18, living in other arrangement 12. All Figure 8 Daily average time spent on resting, sports and outdoor activities, hobbies and games by life cycle category and gender

15 1. Person<25, no children<18, living with parents 2. Person 25-44, no children<18, living with parents 3. Person<45, living in couple, no children<18 4. Person<45, no children<18, living in other arrangement 5. Single parent (all ages) youngest child<18 6. Person (all ages) living in couple, youngest child Person (all ages) living in couple, youngest child Person 45-64, living in couple, no children<18 9. Person 45-64, no children<18, living in other arrangement 10. Person 65 and above, living in couple, no children< Person 65 and above, no children<18, living in other arrangement 12. All Figure 9 Daily average time spent on watching the TV and video by life cycle category and gender

16 1. Person<25, no children<18, living with parents 2. Person 25-44, no children<18, living with parents 3. Person<45, living in couple, no children<18 4. Person<45, no children<18, living in other arrangement 5. Single parent (all ages) youngest child<18 6. Person (all ages) living in couple, youngest child Person (all ages) living in couple, youngest child Person 45-64, living in couple, no children<18 9. Person 45-64, no children<18, living in other arrangement 10. Person 65 and above, living in couple, no children< Person 65 and above, no children<18, living in other arrangement 12. All Figure 10 Daily average time spent on travels by life cycle category and gender

17 Comparison of Time Use Results between Romania and Denmark For Romania and Denmark, the fieldwork period of the surveys did not cover the whole year: in Romania the survey was carried out for only two months (August and September) and in Denmark for four months (March, April, September and October). However, the differences in methodologies used should not greatly affect the comparison between certain groups of person in the same country, especially in a gender perspective.

18 Figure 11 Daily average time spent in main activities, by women and men aged years old (Hours and minutes per day)

19 Figure 12 Domestic activities for women and men aged years old (in % of total domestic time)

20 Figure 13 Free time activities for women and men aged years old (in % of total free time)

21 CONCLUSION The main conclusion of the analysis performed in this paper is a predicted one: even though the people are living, it could be said that persons belonging to the category "person (all ages) living in couple, youngest child 0-6" have the most disadvantageous position compared to other categories of persons. This conclusion is valid especially for women: they sleep less, have the largest amount of time spent on household and family care activities, have less time for TV and video, and travel.

22 GENDER DIFFERENCES IN TIME USE BY LIFE CYCLE STAGES END - THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION