Lecture v Coronary Artery Disease Dr. Aya M. Serry 2015/2016

 Coronary artery disease (also called CAD) is the most common type of heart disease. It is also a leading cause of death for both men and women  The coronary arteries wrap around the heart and supply it with blood and oxygen.  It occurs when fatty deposits called plaque build up inside the coronary arteries. When plaque builds up, it narrows the arteries and reduces the amount of blood that gets to your heart.  Plaque also can crack, which causes blood cells called platelets to clump together and form blood clots at the site of the cracks. This narrows the arteries more and worsens angina or causes a heart attack

 When arteries become filled with plaque and the arteries narrow, atherosclerosis occurs.  When atherosclerosis happens in the coronary arteries, it is called coronary artery disease. When this happens, the heart cannot get enough oxygen to function properly

 Hypertension  Angina; Angina is chest pain that occurs when your heart is not getting enough blood  CHF; it means that your heart is failing to pump blood the way that it should  Myocardial Infarction; Death of heart cells due to lack of oxygen  Death

Uncontrollable Sex Hereditary Race Age Controllable High blood pressure High blood cholesterol Smoking Physical activity Obesity Diabetes Stress and anger

 Findings may be normal during asymptomatic period  Chest pain - due to lack of oxygen  Palpitations  Dyspnea  Syncope  Excessive fatigue

1.Cholesterol-lowering medications 2.Anticoagulants : prevent clots from forming in your arteries and blocking blood flow 3.ACE inhibitors : lower blood pressure and reduce the strain on your heart. They also may reduce the risk for a future heart attack and heart failure. 4.Beta-blockers: slow the heart rate and lower the blood pressure to decrease the workload on your heart.

5.Nitroglycerin: to prevent or relieve chest pain. 6.Thrombolytic : Dissolve the clots that can occur during heart attacks.

Many people are able to manage coronary artery disease with lifestyle changes and medications (Prevention and Treatment) Other people with severe coronary artery disease may need surgery, such as: 1) Stenting 2) Angioplasty

3) Bypass surgery healthy blood vessel is removed from leg, arm or chest This blood vessel is used to create new blood flow path in your heart around (bypassing) the blocked portion of the diseased artery