Chowan River TMDL Development and Source Assessment Nottoway River Area October 28, 2004

Nottoway River Watershed

TMDL Steps – Nottoway Monitoring/Listing - Identification of Water Quality Problem. Source Assessment – Locating potential contributors of pollutant in watershed. Modeling – Examining the movement of sources from the land to the water. Allocation/TMDL – Use the model to determine the load reductions necessary to achieve water quality goals.

Historical Water Quality Data Analysis ImpairmentStationSampled Dates Count (#) MinimumMaximumMeanMedian Violation (%) 1,000 Violation (%) 400 Big Hounds Creek5ABHC /90-6/ , Big Hounds Creek5ABHC /74-3/ , Beaver Pond Creek5ABPC /94-4/ ,0002, Little Nottoway R.5ALNT /90-6/ ,0001, Little Nottoway R5ALNT /68-9/ ,0006, Lazaretto Creek5ALZT /74-6/ , Nottoway River5ANTW /02-6/ Nottoway River5ANTW /68-9/74 & 8/90-6/ , Nottoway River5ANTW /74-6/ , Nottoway River5ANTW /16/ Nottoway River5ANTW /94-4/97 & 4/03-3/ ,0001, Fecal Coliform Concentrations *Fecal coliform concentrations (cfu/100 ml)

Water Quality Data Analysis E. coli ImpairmentStation Sampled Dates Count (#) Minimum (cfu/100ml) Maximum (cfu/100ml) Mean (cfu/100ml) Median (cfu/100ml) Violation (%) 235 Big Hounds Creek5ABHC /03-4/ Beaver Pond Creek5ABPC /00-7/ , Dry Creek5ADRY /03-3/ Little Nottoway R.5ALNT /03-4/ Little Nottoway R.5ALNT /03-6/ Lazaretto Creek5ALZT /03-10/ Modest Creek5AMDT /03-3/ Nottoway River5ANTW /03-6/ Nottoway River5ANTW /03-6/ Nottoway River5ANTW /03-9/042361,

Source Assessment Livestock Wildlife Pets Permitted discharges Wastewater treatment facilities Human Biosolids

Permitted Discharges Facility NamePermit ID Design Flow (MGD) Permitted for Fecal Control Data Availability Victoria East Sewage Treatment Plant VA Yes2/99-4/04 Victoria WTPVA Yes5/99-4/04 Crewe WTPVA Yes2/99-4/04 DOC – Nottoway Correctional Center VA Yes5/99-4/04 Hood, WallaceVPG270010PoultryNoND Ingram, CharlesVPG270058PoultryNoND Ingram, William TVPG270074PoultryNoND Jeffery W. DunnVPG270062*PoultryNoND *Indicates poultry facility with some animals outside watershed boundary ND – no data, facility not required to submit monitoring data

Permitted Discharges *Indicates poultry facility with some animals outside watershed boundary ND – no data, facility not required to submit monitoring data Facility NamePermit ID Design Flow (MGD) Permitted for Fecal Control Data Availablity Nottoway County School (Nottoway High) VA Yes5/99-4/04 Oakmotte FarmVPG270081*PoultryNoND Randy ReynoldsVPG270087PoultryNoND Rolling Acres FarmVPG270049*PoultryNoND Triple R FarmVPG270018*PoultryNoND Big Oak FarmVPG170043CAFONoND Super Chic Ltd.VPG270024PoultryNoND Walter Berryman Glascock VPG270068PoultryNoND

Human Source Population, housing units, and onsite treatment system based on U.S. Census Septic Systems Failure to soil surface throughout year Lateral movement continuously to stream Straight Pipes Direct continuous input into stream Biosolids Land-applied

Human Source (2004) ImpairmentPopulation Housing Units (HU) HU with Sewer HU with Septic HU with Other Beaverpond Creek Big Hounds Creek 2, Little Nottoway River 4,8581, ,14570 Nottoway River 2,

Pet Source Population/household based on literature values, veterinarians, and animal control Translated to housing units based on U.S. Census Land-applied

Pet Source (2004) ImpairmentDogsCats Beaverpond Creek 6573 Big Hounds Creek Little Nottoway River Nottoway River

Livestock Source Distribution of waste Pastured Confined, waste collected, spread Direct deposition to the stream Seasonal varying applications Population Virginia Agricultural Statistics Consultation with SWCD, NRCS, VADCR, and VCE Watershed visits

Livestock Population Impairment All Cattle BeefDairyHogHorseSheepPoultry*Goats Beaverpond Creek Big Hounds Creek Little Nottoway River 4,603 1, ,6800 Nottoway River 1, , * Poultry as reported in this table includes broilers and layers as a single population, however, broilers and layers are modeled as individual sources.

Wildlife Source Population Animal densities from VDGIF biologists Habitat from literature values Distribution of waste based on habitat Land-applied Direct deposition to the stream Seasonal variations based on migration patterns and food sources

Wildlife Population ImpairmentDeerTurkeyGooseDuckMuskratRaccoonBeaver Beaverpond Creek Big Hounds Creek , Little Nottoway River 1, ,2621,03162 Nottoway River ,

Bacterial Source Tracking Antibiotic Resistance Analysis (ARA) Differentiates the sources of bacteria based on bacterial resistance to antibiotics

Bacterial Source Tracking Results StationDate Fecal Coliform (cfu/100 ml) E. Coli (cfu/100 ml) Percent Isolates classified as: WildlifeHumanLivestockPet 5ABPC /31/ % 100%0% 8/20/20035,6002,00017%71%4%8% 9/11/ %0%58%38% 10/14/20034,0003,00050%21%4%25% 11/13/ %12%0%59% 12/8/ %17%8%75% 2/4/ %0%21%8% 2/25/ %4%17%8% 3/24/ %21%8%12% 4/19/ %21%12%21% 5/10/ %33%43%25% 6/23/20042,0001,80038%8%33%21% BOLD type indicates a statistically significant value.

Bacterial Source Tracking Results StationDate Fecal Coliform (cfu/100 ml) E. Coli (cfu/100 ml) Percent Isolates classified as: WildlifeHumanLivestockPet 5ABHC /31/ %8%71%4% 8/20/20033, % 8%26% 9/11/ %0%8%38% 10/14/ % 88%12% 11/13/ %0%25%71% 12/8/ %12%8%55% 2/4/ %0%50%21% 2/25/ % 100% 3/24/ %5%0%57% 4/19/ %0%33%17% 5/10/ %40%0%40% 6/23/ %13% 0% BOLD type indicates a statistically significant value.

Bacterial Source Tracking Results StationDate Fecal Coliform (cfu/100 ml) E. Coli (cfu/100 ml) Percent Isolates classified as: WildlifeHumanLivestockPet 5ALNT /31/20033, %17%12%33% 8/20/20032, %8%46%21% 9/11/ %0%21%46% 10/14/ %0%17%58% 11/13/ %0%12%76% 12/8/ %21%8%25% 2/4/ %12%33%22% 2/25/ %0%59%8% 3/24/ %20%0%30% 4/19/ %17%8%12% 5/10/ %38%33%0% 6/23/ %57%12%0% BOLD type indicates a statistically significant value.

Bacterial Source Tracking Results StationDate Fecal Coliform (cfu/100 ml) E. Coli (cfu/100 ml) Percent Isolates classified as: WildlifeHumanLivestockPet 5ANTW /31/20032, % 79%21% 8/20/ %0%29%25% 9/11/ %0%19%75% 10/14/ % 100% 11/13/ % 33%67% 12/8/ %0% 17% 2/4/ %12%42%4% 2/25/ %0%20%0% 3/24/ %0% 75% 4/19/ %0%12%25% 5/10/ %0% 75% 6/23/ %5% 0% BOLD type indicates a statistically significant value.

Modeling Rainfall-Runoff-Water Quality Hydrologic Simulation Program – Fortran (HSPF)  Watershed-based  Continuous time interval  Land-applied, direct loads

VPDES Permit Conceptual Model Mathematical Representation Withdrawal Direct discharges Overland Wildlife on the Land Pastured Livestock Straight Pipes Lateral Flow from Septic Systems Parking Lots Wildlife in Stream Livestock in Stream Septic Failures Sewer Overflows Biosolids Application Pets

Hydrologic Modeling Components Climatic data Land use Topography Soils Stream channel characteristics Point source discharge/withdrawal Flow data

Land use ImpairmentAcres Forest (%) Barren (%) Agricultural (%) Urban (%) Water/ Wetlands (%) Nottoway River42, Little Nottoway River49, Big Hounds Creek 11, Beaverpond Creek 6, Based on Aerial Photos/Land Use maps/On site surveys Project For Growth/land use change Model forest, wetland, agricultural and urban areas

Water Quality Modeling Components Sources Fecal production FC densities FC distribution Delivery Mechanisms Direct Land-applied Temporal Variation

Public Meeting 2 (Date?) Public Review Submit to EPA State Approval Implementation Plan Development Implementation