Great earthquake in Nepal and humanitarian aid 1 Umesh Dhakal, Head Earthquake Response Operations, Nepal Red Cross Society

2 Geo-physical vulnerability Nepal is the 11th most earthquake-prone country in the world. Indian plate slides underneath the Eurasian plate. Nepal lies across fault line in Himalayan range.

Date: 25 April 2015Date: 25 April 2015 Epicenter : Barpak, GorkhaEpicenter : Barpak, Gorkha Magnitude : 7.9Magnitude : 7.9 Major aftershocks:Major aftershocks: 26 April, April, May, May, 7.3 Total aftershocks: 400+ asTotal aftershocks: 400+ as of 15 Oct 2015 (>4.0 ) of 15 Oct 2015 (>4.0 ) The Earthquake

The Earthquake : A snapshot ( Video Presentation ) ( Video Presentation ) 4

5 Impact The impact was enormous: Casualties: Nearly 9,000 human casualties. Injuries: Over 22,000. Homeless: Hundreds of thousands of people. Impact : Eight million people, almost one-third of population of Nepal.

6 An extensive devastation in infrastructures: Buildings: Private residential buildings, government offices, heritage sites, school buildings. Infrastructures: Health infrastructures, road networks, drinking water supply, trekking routes in high altitudes, hydropower plants and sports facilities and so forth. An unprecedented experience of this kind of big disaster.

7 International Humanitarian Response Humanitarian community: UN agencies, Red Cross Red Crescent Movement and many International NGOs engaged heavily on search and rescue as well as relief operations. G to G support: Gradually, many countries donated aid and in kind support.

8 Nepal government’s efforts Mobilised security forces: Nepal Army, Nepal Police and Armed Police Force in search and rescue operations. CNDRC Meeting held: The Central Natural Disaster Relief Committee convened meeting on 25 April and all the response mechanisms were activated Special co-ordination mechanism : Special coordination mechanism led by the Chief Secretary and joined by Secretaries of various Ministries and Security Forces established Command post: established under the leadership of Home Secretary.

9 PDNA Carried out Housing and settlement recovery and reconstruction strategy launched: June Seven principles established to guide the recovery process. New mechanism-National Reconstruction Authority established. International Conference on Nepal's Reconstruction organised on 25 June organised by the Govt, two months after the great quake of 25 April. Billions of dollars pledged by the partners to support Nepal’s reconstruction. President of IFRC Mr. Tadateru Konoe also attended the conference.

10 Red Cross response to Earthquake survivors Emergency relief committee meeting was called within few hours of the disaster. An emergency appeal launched through IFRC within 24 hours of the earthquake. International, regional and national disaster response tools were mobilised and hundreds of experts/responders from around the globe were deployed/mobilised. Earthquake Planning meeting held with RCRC Movement partners on 12 and 13 June.

NRCS Response Tools Earthquake Contingency Plan- 2008Earthquake Contingency Plan Every year tested and updated with simulation exercise Every year tested and updated with simulation exercise Movement Coordination Mechanism (CMM)Movement Coordination Mechanism (CMM) Regular sharing meetings (bi-monthly) Regular sharing meetings (bi-monthly) Emergency FundsEmergency Funds Princep disaster emergency response fund (22 M NPR) Princep disaster emergency response fund (22 M NPR) Standby Agreement/ArrangementsStandby Agreement/Arrangements World Food Program (WFP) for food distribution World Food Program (WFP) for food distribution Relief materials & Framework Agreements Relief materials & Framework Agreements To procure WASH kits and NFRIs To procure WASH kits and NFRIs

Response Operation Flow Step 1 : Early Notification Ensured safety and activated EOC, District chapters informed and alerted Attended Emergency meetings (CNDRC, DDRC, NRCs, Movement partners) DMIS updated and movement partners kept informed

Response Operation Flow Step 2 : Early Response Deployment of response teams in all 57 districts Information bulletin, DREF approval (within 12 hours) and Emergency Appeal (CHF 33.4 M within 24 hours) Tarpaulin distribution Safe water (bottle, tanker, Kit5), hygiene Conduct Initial Rapid Assessment Immediate relief (Tarpaulin/NFI, temp. shelter). Health and care (through Hospital ERU) Dignified management of dead/ RFL

Response Operation Flow Step 3 : Relief Search/rescue, First Aid, Ambulance Safe water and hygiene kits Immediate relief (Staple food, Tarpaulin, NFI) Health and care Dignified management of dead/ RFL Conduct detail assessment Emergency shelter, NFI and cash I nternational resources, response teams, kind and cash support from IFRC/ICRC/PNSs started being received from day one

Response Operation Flow Recovery, rehabilitation and DRR A movementwide mechanism ( ERO) established guided by “One” principles. “1+4” package designed: Institutional Capacity Building + Shelter, Livelihood support, Health and WASH (To be continued 4-24 months)

Coverage of response

Challenges Adaptation of plans, policies, strategies and guideline. One-door policy of Govt : Clarity issue. RC/RC status agreement with government Coordination and harmonization of practices with GoN at district level. Targeting districts, VDCs and beneficiaries. High demand Vs needs and inadequate resource. Smooth flow of international relief assistance and stocking.

Duplication of delivery. Move people to new location. Land issues for rehabilitation. Multiple level co-ordination challenges. Logistical challenges.

Lessons learned The earthquake proved as an opportunity to further strengthen national unity. Institutions and individuals in country and globally provided significant support. Nepalese from all over the world, shared their emotions, and extended support in whatever way possible. We very much believe that we will now move to development with renewed strengths and based on the lessons we have learnt from this big earthquake. The whole world expressed its solidarity to support Nepal and people affected by this devastating disaster. This strongly demonstrated that humanity still prevails strongly.