CHAPTER 14 The Civil War 1861-1865. The War Begins Lincoln’s Inaugural Address: no intention of interfering with slavery; did not want to break up Union.

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Presentation transcript:

CHAPTER 14 The Civil War

The War Begins Lincoln’s Inaugural Address: no intention of interfering with slavery; did not want to break up Union Fort Sumter: cut off from vital supplies by southern control Attack of fort= BEGINNING OF WAR!

Secession of Upper South Virginia, North Carolina, Tennessee, and Arkansas joined Confederacy Delaware, Maryland, Missouri, Kentucky did NOT secede Keeping border states was a military and political goal for Lincoln

Wartime Advantages MILITARY: South only had to defend; North had to conquer South moved shorter distances than north South had long coastline- hard to blockade North: had greater population and support of U.S. Navy ECONOMIC: North controlled banking & capital of country South had hope that overseas cotton demand would bring recognition & money POLITICAL: Ideology of South was ironic: they wanted states’ rights, but they needed a strong central gov’t North had well established central gov’t

Confederate President Jefferson Davis tried to increase his powers but southerners resisted centralization.

st Battle of Bull Run: 30,000 federal troops lost at Bull Run creek to General Stonewall Jackson Union Strategy by Winfield Scott: -Anaconda Plan, Division of Confederacy, Raising Army  Peninsula Campaign: McClellan defeated by Robert E. Lee at Potomac  2 nd Battle of Bull Run: Lee drew Pope’s army into trap in Virginia

Anaconda Plan

Antietam: McClellan knew Lee’s battle plan, but failed to pursue Lee’s weak army. Antietam was a partial triumph of Union arms Fredericksburg: Burnside’s Union army attacked Lee but suffered immense losses Monitor vs. Merrimac: Union’s Monitor prevented South’s ironclad ship, Merrimac, from challenging U.S. naval blockade Grant in the West: Grant used gunboats and army maneuvers to capture Fort Henry and Fort Donelson on Cumberland River Grant completed drive down Mississippi and captured New Orleans

Battle of Monitor vs. Merrimac

Foreign Affairs and Diplomacy Trent Affair: Mason and Slidell traveled on Trent to Britain, seeking recognition of Confederacy. Union ship halted them and captured Mason and Slidell. Confederate Raiders: serious harm to U.S. merchant ships Failure of Cotton Diplomacy: “King Cotton” failed and other materials were used, such as woolen and linen.

THE "SAN JACINTO" STOPPING THE "TRENT."

NO MORE SLAVERY! Confiscation Acts: gave power to seize enemy property used to wage war against U.S. and it freed slaves in rebellion Emancipation Proclamation: “military necessity” that set all slaves free 13 th amendment: ratified abolition of slavery

Turning Point: Union Triumphs!!! Vicksburg: Union bombarded Vicksburg, MI, and Confederates surrendered Gettysburg: Lee’s assault of Union in Maryland and PA, and Picket’s charge, destroyed Confederate Army Grant in Command: reduced Lee’s army Sherman’s March: Tecumseh Sherman set out across Georgia to South Carolina. He burned cotton fields, barns, houses. He set Columbia on fire, South Carolina’s capital.

Sherman’s March

End of War Surrender at Appomattox: Lee tried to escape mountains; Grant forced him to surrender 2 nd Inaugural Address: Lincoln urged to treat South benevolently: “with malice toward none; with charity for all.” Assassination of Lincoln: John Wilkes Booth shot Lincoln at Ford’s Theater

Lincoln’s Assassination

Effects of the War… Political Change Less civil liberties: suspension of habeas corpus The draft/ Conscription Act: all men between 20 and 45 are liable for military; rich men were exempted if they paid a fine of $300 of finding a substitute

Economic Change North financed war by borrowing $2.6 billion New paper currency (Greenbacks) led to inflation National Banking System created to manage $ Republicans also passed: -The Morrill Tariff Act -The Homestead Act -The Morrill Land Grant Act -The Pacific Railway Act

Social Change Women at work: While men were serving in the war, women operated farms and plantations. They were also nurses/volunteers on battlefields. -For the first time, nursing was open to women. End of Slavery: Even though freedmen still suffered hardship and oppression, abolition of slavery was a great step. -Now, they were protected under Constitution.