2009.02.22 HIMMuju resort Light Fragment Production in Central Heavy Ion Collisions and the FOPI ToF Upgrade Project  Introduction  Ru+Ru at 0.4 and.

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HIMMuju resort Light Fragment Production in Central Heavy Ion Collisions and the FOPI ToF Upgrade Project  Introduction  Ru+Ru at 0.4 and AGeV  Invariant spectra and Rapidity distribution  Radial flow and Temperature  Scaled elliptic flow  FOPI Time-of-Flight (ToF) Upgrade  Summary and Outlook Min Sang Ryu Korea University

FOPI/SIS18 at Darmstadt Nucl. Phys. (Proc. Suppl.) B (1995) J. Ritman et al. S183 experiment in Ru Ru collision at 0.4 and AGeV CDC & Helitron - drift chamber BARREL & Plastic Wall - plastic scintillation detector Magnet intensity : 0.6 T

Introduction  Study the production and collective flow of the light fragments (p, d, t, 3 He, and 4 He)  For the most central events Rapidity distribution and production yield Radial flow and Temperature  Maximum elliptic flow at 0.4 AGeV  For semi-central events Scaled elliptic flow (v 2 /n) by the number of the composite nucleons, n, as function of scaled transverse momentum (p t /n). Phys. Rev. C (2002) B. Hong, Y.J. Kim et al. Nucl. Phys. A c (1998) J.-Y. Ollitrault Nucleon coalescence scenario in heavy-ion collisions Phys. Rep (1986) L. Csernai and J. Kapusta

Phase space distribution 0.4 AGeV AGeV p d t p d t 3 He 4 He 3 He 4 He

Invariant spectra PRL (1979) P.J. Siemens and J.O. Rasmussen Proton(B) Deuteron(B) Triton(B) 3 He(B) 4 He(B) PLA (forward) CDC (backward) CDC (forward) PLA (backward) 0.4 AGeV

dN/dy M.S.Ryu (tmul) W.Reisdorf (E rat ) Y.J.Kim (E rat ) b 0 (b max =10.531fm) (E rat A) σ (mb) (E rat A) pi-0.70 ± 0.06 pi+1.07 ± 0.06 p31.68 ± ± ± 2.8 d16.88 ± ± ± 1.9 t7.29 ± ± He4.95 ± ± He4.76 ± ± 0.5 Q IMF ( Q ≥ Z3 )5.5 Q tot Q tot /Q sys (88) (%) t : 7.29±0.79 He3 : 4.95±0.52 He4 : 4.76±0.47 compariso n p : 31.68±1.42 d : 16.88±1.37 (Phys. Rev. C (2002) B. Hong et al.) 0.4 AGeV The yield of Helium isotopes is taken by the 2 nd order of polynomial function.

Invariant spectra CDC (backward) PLA (backward) PRL (1979) P.J. Siemens and J.O. Rasmussen Proton(B)Deuteron(B) Triton(B) 3 He(B) 4 He(B) AGeV

p : 62.12±2.71 d : 16.06±1.37 dN/dy M.S.Ryu (tmul) W.Reisdorf (E rat ) Y.J.Kim (E rat ) b 0 (b max =10.531fm) σ (mb)9567 pi ± ± 1.7 pi+12.49± ± 1.4 p62.12± ± ± 5.5 d16.06± ± ± 2.3 t3.02± ±0.4 3 He2.22± ± He0.46± ±0.06 Q tot Q tot /Q sys (88) (%) Y.J. Kim The yield at mid-rapidity is taken by the 2 nd order of polynomial function t : 3.02±0.54 He3 : 2.22±0.54 He4 : 0.46±0.21 comparison

RuRu15 M.S. Ryu (tmul) W. Reisdorf (Erat) b 0 (b max = fm) σ (mb)95 E 0 (MeV)147.1 (-15.7, +7.9)188±20 E F (MeV)57.8 (-7.7, +17.4)52.8±10.5 βFβF (-0.056, )0.337±0.032 T (MeV)98.1 (-5.3, 10.5)111±14 E 0 : thermal energy and T at mid- rapidity E F : flow energy AGeV In order to get at mid-rapidity, fitted vs. y(0) by 4 th order of polynomial function. proton NP A (1995) G. Poggi et al., FOPI.

E beam (GeV) Comparison PR C (1998) B. Hong et al., FOPI RuRu15 M.S. Ryu (tmul) W. Reisdorf (Erat) b 0 (b max = fm) σ (mb)95 E 0 (MeV)147.1 (-15.7, +7.9)188±20 E F (MeV)57.8 (-7.7, +17.4)52.8±10.5 βFβF (-0.056, )0.337±0.032 T (MeV)98.1 (-5.3, 10.5)111±14 E 0 : thermal energy RuRu04 M.S. Ryu (tmul) W. Reisdorf (Erat) b 0 (b max = fm) σ (mb)102 E 0 (MeV)78.42 (-6.16, +6.32)96.3 ± 9.6 E F (MeV)27.57 (-6.01, +7.29)22.0 ± 4.9 βFβF (-0.034, )0.217 ± T (MeV)52.28 (-4.21,+4.11)59.8 ± 6.4 E F : flow energy

Azimuthal particle distribution & Reaction plane Direct flowElliptic flow hep-ph/ (1994) S. Voloshin & Y. Zhang nucl-ex/ (1997) J.Y. Ollitrault Nucl. Phys. A (1998) J.Y. Ollitrault Phys. Lett. B157 (1985) 146 P. Danielewicz and G. Odyniec Transverse momentum method Beam Impact parameter RuRu15 tmul35

Resolution of reaction plane Divide randomly each event into two sub- events containing half of the particles, and construct vectors(Q 1, Q 2 ) of total transverse momenta of the two sub-events. nucl-ex/ (1997) J.Y. Ollitrault ψ : measured azimuthal angle Φ : true azimuthal angle RuRu15RuRu04

Scaled elliptic flow tmul35 RuRu15 tmul24 RuRu04 GSI Scientific Report 2008, M. S. Ryu and B. Hong

FOPI ToF Upgrade

Motivation K + : NN -> K +  N : E thr ~1.58 GeV Nucl. Phys. A (1997) J. Schaffner-Bielich et al. K - : NN -> K + K - NN : E thr ~2.5 GeV For free NN collisions, Nucl. Phys. A (1997) D. Best et al. Sideward flow of K + in Ni+Ni at 1.93A GeV Phys. Lett. B (2000) P. Crochet et al.

Upgrade of Time-of-Flight Plastic barrel New RPC barrel Plastic barrelNew MMRPC barrel 180 scintillators for 30 sectors  140 MMRPCs for 28 supermodules electronics IN OUT. Supermodule RPC 5 RPCs

Multi-strip Multi-gap RPC (MMRPC) MMRPC: Active area 90 x 4.6 cm 2 Glass 1.1 & 0.5 mm (10 plates) Gap 8 x 220 µm (fishing line) Strip 16 (1.94/0.6 mm) Applied voltage 9.6 kV (110kV/cm) Gas C 2 F 4 H 2 /iso-C 4 H 10 /SF 6 =80/5/15 Operation Avalanche mode TOF-barrel : Installation  28 SMs (140 MMRPCs) Channels  4480 Multi-strip-MRPC (MMRPC)

FEE5, QDC, and Tacquila3 Input Samtec connector Preamplifier part QDC-out Ch.Nr. : 16 channels Bias : +5.4V, -5V Power : 0.51 W/ch. Dim : 149 mm * 95 mm OUT. : 16 diff. PECL for time 16 diff. for amplitude 1 diff. PECL OR GAIN. :~170 BW :~1.5GHz Noise :~25µV t r :~250ps  t(FEE) :<20 FEE5Tacquila3 QDC FEE5 Common stop clock at 40 MHz K.Koch et. al. IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci (2005) One SM needs 10 systems. Full system electronic resolution < 25 ps GSI-ELEX R.Schulze, R.Hardel K.Koch, E.Badura GSI+HD+I3HP M.Ciobanu

Picture of new RPC barrel CDC Old barrel Supermodule Electronics for start counter Rail for CDC&HEL Mounting and Test Feb. ~ Aug. in 2007

K-K- -m (GeV/c 2 ) Ni+Ni at 1.9 AGeV GSI Scientific Report 2008, T. I. Kang and N. Herrmann Fast pions  t ~ 100 ps f tail rel <3% in 3  ΔT (ns) K+K+ K-K-

Experiments with new ToF  K + and K - production and interaction in dense baryonic matter  Ni+Ni collisions at 1.9 AGeV in Sep  Ni+Ni collisions at 1.9 AGeV in Mar  Ni+Pb collisions at 1.9 AGeV in Jan./Feb  Ru+Ru collisions at 1.69 AGeV in Feb./Mar  Kaonic nuclear cluster (p+p  K + + K - pp  K + + p + Λ)  Proton beam at 3 GeV in this summer.  In-medium effect (π-p  K 0 Λ)  Pion beam at 1.15 GeV in Phys. Rev. C (2002) Y. Akaishi and T. Yamazaki Phys. Rev. C (2000) K. Tsushima, A. Sibirtsev, A. W. Thomas Nucl. Phys. A (1997) J. Schaffner-Bielich et al.

Summary and Outlook  Ru+Ru at 0.4 and AGeV  dN/dy, yield, β r, and T for the most central events.  Nucleon coalescence signature in scaled differential elliptic flow (v 2 /n vs. p t /n) for the semi-central events  FOPI ToF Upgrade  28 SMs consists of 140 MMRPCs and 4480 channels.  98% efficiency and less 100 ps time resolution at 110 kV/cm.  New ToF have operated successfully during last three Ni beam times.  Outlook  Comparison to results from the Iso-spin Quantum Molecular Dynamics (IQMD)