Lecture № 41 PUBLIC POLITICAL SITUATION. POLITICAL REPRESSIONS IN 1930 TH y.

Brief contents 1.Becoming of totalitarian regime in Kazakhstan. 2.Mass political repression in Kazakhstan. System of prison camps. 3.Policy of deportation- Koreans, Germans, people of Northern Caucasia and others.

1.Becoming of totalitarian regime in Kazakhstan. At the end of the 20th years Stalin finally strengthened the power, having discharged of the highest party positions of the opponents.

Joseph Stalin created a totalitarian state in the Soviet Union by outmaneuvering his opponents after Lenin died in Stalin used fear, propaganda, and censorship to ensure that his will was enforced. He used newspapers to his advantage by only allowing them to print articles that placed him in a positive light, and he kept possible uprisings in check by allowing the secret police to spy on the people.

The party in these conditions interferes with all branches of economy and as the party has one leader – Stalin, his opinion as leader is implicitly executed and identified with solutions of party congresses and all VKP(Communist party) as a whole.

Under a totalitarian regime, the state controls nearly every aspect of the individual’s life. Totalitarian regimes maintain themselves in power by: Secret police Mass media propaganda Elimination of criticism of the party policy Use of terror tactics

The person expressing the disagreement or doubt in correctness of a course of party and its leader, was ranked as enemies. In society the fear and suspiciousness atmosphere was spread. The legal principle of a presumption of innocence is actually liquidated. Mass repressions, terror, deportation of the whole people were an integral part of the Soviet system.

The denunciation becomes the basis for arrest of the person. Among citizens informing is widely encouraged. In newspapers speaks that the honest, Soviet person must to "help" bodies of People's Commissariat for Internal Affairs with exposure of enemies, spies, wreckers.

2.Mass political repression in Kazakhstan. System of prison camps. The people call for vigilance, for search "enemies of the people", wreckers, remaining White Guards, etc. Party heads of the Soviet republics start putting into practice the directive of the leader. So,in Kazakhstan prosecutions of prominent representatives of the Kazakh intellectuals begin, many of which in the past were figures of Alash party, and then went over to the Soviet power. Them declared bourgeois nationalists and on false charge subjected to arrests.

The leaders of Alash party

A.Bukeihanov – before and later arrest

According to the Kazakhstan scientist – historian M. Kozybayev, about 9 thousand people sentenced 2 thousand "alashordincev“(followers of Alash party) to the highest measure, from them in 1937 – 1938 years, them shot.

GULAG-General control of prison camps

The Gulag was the government agency that administered the main Soviet forced labor camp systems during the Stalin period,since1930-s till 1950s. While the camps housed a wide range of convicts, from petty criminals to political prisoners.

In the 30th – the 40th years on the territory of Kazakhstan there were about 100 big and small camps. In the 1930th year for reception of different categories of prisoners in the territory of the Central Kazakhstan – the present Karaganda region biggest of them - KARLAG was created. Its center settled down in Dolinka village, in 40 km from Karaganda. Its area made more than km 2. "Alzhir" (Akmolinsky camp of wives of traitors of the Homeland).

3.Policy of deportation- Koreans, Germans, people of Northern Caucasia and others. Deportations were used as a part of the Soviet Union's attempts, along with instituting the Russian Language as the only working language and other such tactics, at russification of its occupied territories. In this way areas were depopulated of their ethnic populations and repopulated. The people deported were sent to remote, scarcely populated, resettlements or to GULAG labour camps.

Map of the deportation in period of Stalin mass repression

During th y. was a process of settling of Kazakhstan by other deported people, exiled since all ends of the huge country. Kazakhstan turned into one big and continuous camp, having accepted hundred deported "unreliable" people among which there were Koreans of the Far East, Germans of the Volga region, Poles, the people of the North Caucasus, Meskhetian Turks, the Pontic Greeks living in the Crimea, the Crimean Tatars, Kurds, Azerbaijanians, etc.

Transport for deportation

Thank you for the attention!!!!