Mr. Ermer World History AP Miami Beach Senior High

Postwar art marked by pessimism, malaise, and disillusionment Earnest Hemingway, Gertrude Stein, Ezra Pound, Erich Maria Remarque, Oswald Spangler Religious Uncertainty, belief in depravity of human beings, doubt in God Loss of faith in link between technology and progress Women Suffrage Revolution in thinking Einstein’s Theory of Relativity—Heisenberg’s “The Uncertainty Principle” Sigmund Freud and psychoanalysis Modernism New forms of art and expression Rejection of realism, concern over freedom of expression THE LOST GENERATION

Modernist Architecture

1920s economy marked by “bull market” and consumerism European economy rebounds from war by mid-1920s United States economy booms due to lack of competition after war Synthetic and recycled resources damage export economies Stock Market Crash of 1929 Decrease in wages, less business activity, declining trade, and rising unemployment Rise of Economic Nationalism, self-reliance Governments take action to help reboot economies Economic Experimentation and Keynesian Economics New Deal America Communist Russia THE GREAT DEPRESSION

Civil War in Russia leads to increased control by Bolsheviks Bolshevik Party changes name to Russian Communist Party Red Terror: Communist consolidate power through oppression Nationalization of the economy via “War Communism” War Communism replaced by “New Economic Plan” 1924: Lenin dies, power struggle for his successor Trotsky vs. Stalin—Stalin takes control of Communist Party, made General Secretary Stalin’s Five Year Plan for rapid industrialization, collectivization of land Stalin and the Purge COMMUNISM

Reaction against liberal democracy and socialism/communism Emphasis militarism, chauvinism, and xenophobia, leaders hold absolute authority 1922: Fascist Benito Mussolini comes to power in Italy : Mussolini’s Blackshirts fight against socialist movements 1922: Creates one party system favoring land owners and businessmen—corporatism Nazi Germany Hitler gains support of those who blame German struggles on young German democracy 1932: Hitler’s Nazi party becomes majority party in parliament, Hitler=chancellor Hitler consolidates power, creates racial state (“Third Reich”), forms Rome-Berlin Axis Anti-Semitism and Eugenics FASCISM