John Harris (Yale) DOE Panel Review of ALICE-USA, May 23-24, 2007 ALICE-USA Collaboration, Physics and Approach LHC Alice Dedicated “general purpose” Heavy Ion experiment at LHC

John Harris (Yale) DOE Panel Review of ALICE-USA, May 23-24, 2007 ALICE-USA Collaboration ALICE-USA Author List (2009) - 44 (+ new) PHDs + 15 graduate students Cal. Poly, San Luis Obispo (NSF) – J. Klay, postdoc Creighton U. – M. Cherney, Y. Gorbunov, B. Rizzo (gs), J. Seger U. Houston - L. Pinsky, A. Empl, B.W. Mayes II, C. Delgenio (gs), D. Minthaka (gs), graduate student Kent State U. – S. Margetis, D. Keane, W. Zhang, postdoc, graduate student LBNL – P. Jacobs, S. Klein, G. Odyniec, J. Putschke, H.G. Ritter, TJM Symons, M. van Leeuwen LLNL – R. Soltz, A. Glenn, J. Newby Michigan State U. – G. Westfall, + TBD ORNL – T. Awes, P. Stankus, D. Silvermyer, G. Young, postdoc Purdue U. - R.P. Scharenberg, B.K. Srivastava, and grad student(s) U. Tennessee – S. Sorensen, K. Read, postdoc, grad. student U. Texas – C. Markert, + TBD Wayne State U. – T.M. Cormier, R. Bellwied, C.A. Pruneau, S. Voloshin, A. Pavlinov, + 2 postdocs and 3 grad. students Yale U. – J.W. Harris, J. Bielcik, J. Bielcikova, H. Caines, M. Heinz, S. Salur, N. Smirnov, T. Aronsson (gs), and 4 graduate students

John Harris (Yale) DOE Panel Review of ALICE-USA, May 23-24, 2007 Heavy Ion Physics at the LHC LHC Heavy Ions – guided by pQCD predictions expectations (detector simulations) based on RHIC extrapolations and theory lesson from RHIC – guided by theory + versatility + “expect the unexpected” Soft Physics at LHC – smooth extrapolation from SPS  RHIC  LHC? expansion will be different (v 2, HBT, T chem & T kin, strange/charm particles & resonances)

John Harris (Yale) DOE Panel Review of ALICE-USA, May 23-24, 2007 Heavy Ion Physics at the LHC LHC Heavy Ions – guided by pQCD predictions expectations (detector simulations) based on RHIC extrapolations and theory lesson from RHIC – “expect the unexpected” Soft Physics at LHC – smooth extrapolation from SPS  RHIC  LHC? expansion will be different (v 2, HBT, T chem & T kin, strange/charm particles & resonances) Hard Probes at LHC – significant increase in hard cross sections   hard /  total  ~ 2% at SPS 50% at RHIC 98% at LHC “real” jets, large p T processes abundance of heavy flavors probe early times, calculable  precision studies!  bb (LHC ) ~ 100  bb (RHIC)  cc (LHC) ~ 10  cc (RHIC)

John Harris (Yale) DOE Panel Review of ALICE-USA, May 23-24, 2007 ALICE Set-up HMPID Muon Arm TRD PHOS PMD ITS TOF TPC Size: 16 x 26 meters Weight: 10,000 tons EMCal

John Harris (Yale) DOE Panel Review of ALICE-USA, May 23-24, 2007 ALICE Detectors & Acceptance central barrel -0.9 <  < 0.9  = 2  tracking, PID (TPC/ITS/ToF) single arm RICH (HMPID) single arm e.m. cal (PHOS) jet calorimeter (proposed EMCal) forward muon arm 2.4 <  < 4 absorber, 3 T-m dipole magnet 10 tracking + 4 trigger chambers multiplicity detectors -5.4 <  < 3 including photon counting in PMD trigger & timing detectors 6 Zero Degree Calorimeters T0: ring of quartz window PMT's V0: ring of scint. paddles (charged particles) µ arm EMCal

John Harris (Yale) DOE Panel Review of ALICE-USA, May 23-24, 2007 Particle Identification in ALICE Pb-Pb , K, p:  50 GeV Topological reconstruction Invariant mass PID in relativistic rise Pb-Pb PID capabilities unique to ALICE! Global tracking (ITS-TPC-TRD) dE/dx (low p T + relativ. rise) TOF, HMPID, PHOS p T range (PID/stat. limits) in 10 9 pp or 10 7 central Pb-Pb Decay particles:  GeV

John Harris (Yale) DOE Panel Review of ALICE-USA, May 23-24, 2007

ALICE EMCal (Cormier Presentation) 10+1/2+1/2=11 super-modules 8 SM from US 3 SM from France, Italy Lead-scintillator sampling calorimeter  = 1.4,  =110 o Shashlik geometry, APD photosensor ~13K towers (  x  ~ x 0.014) Energy resolution  15%/√E + 2% over-takes tracking above 30 GeV  o /  discrimination to p T ~ 30 GeV Approved by LHCC 9/28/06 Allows Jet Measurements/Triggering with ALICE

John Harris (Yale) DOE Panel Review of ALICE-USA, May 23-24, 2007 Capabilities of ALICE Extended by EMCal EMCal improves detector capabilities: - Fast trigger ~ enhancement of jets - Improves jet reconstruction (plus TPC) - Good   discrimination increases coverage - Good electron/hadron discrimination EMCal extends the physics of ALICE: 10 4 / year in minbias Pb+Pb: inclusive jets: E T ~ 200 GeV dijets: E T ~ 170 GeV   : p T ~ 75 GeV inclusive  : p T ~ 45 GeV inclusive e: p T ~ 30 GeV P.Jacobs

John Harris (Yale) DOE Panel Review of ALICE-USA, May 23-24, 2007 Synopsis of ALICE Physics Measurements Soft Probes – “ala RHIC” ALICE – important soft physics measurements ala RHIC (+ extended PID) Expansion dynamics different from RHIC (note - timescales, densities) Day 1 physics + ….. (unexpected…) Heavy Quarks Displaced vertices (D o  K -  +) from TPC/ITS (charm and beauty) Electrons in Transition Radiation Detector (TRD) Quarkonia (forward muon arm) J/ , ,  ’ (excellent),  ’’(2-3 yrs),  ’ (very difficult!) Jet Quenching & Medium Response Leading particles to intermediate p T (range of intermediate p T at LHC?) Away-side in TPC (with extended PID) trigger on leading  0 trigger on / measure jets 6x increased acceptance for  ’s compared to PHOS measure e  with p e > 10 GeV (where TRD…)

John Harris (Yale) DOE Panel Review of ALICE-USA, May 23-24, 2007 ALICE Collaboration ~ 1000 Members (~ 500 M&O PhDs) 63% CERN States ~ 8% expected US ~ 30 Countries ~ 100 Institutes ~ 150 M CHF capital (+ L3 magnet)

John Harris (Yale) DOE Panel Review of ALICE-USA, May 23-24, 2007 ALICE-USA ALICE-USA Collaboration Ph.D. physicists and 15 graduate students by DOE-supported research institutions: Creighton, Houston, Kent State, LBNL, LLNL, Michigan State, Oak Ridge, Purdue, Tennessee, Texas, Wayne State, and Yale ALICE-USA Primary Focus Investigate medium modification of partonic energy loss – “jet quenching” Investigate response of medium to large energy depositions Ensure the EMCal is constructed, operational in ALICE; extract EMCal physics ALICE-USA Equip. Proposal to DOE for Major Fraction of ALICE EMCal Construct 8 of 11 super-modules of EMCal for ALICE (Italy and France to construct 3) CERN LHC Committee approved EMCal for installation in ALICE in Oct Passed CDs-0,1 Reviews of DOE

John Harris (Yale) DOE Panel Review of ALICE-USA, May 23-24, 2007 Scientific Focus of ALICE-USA Primary Scientific Goal “Investigate QCD matter and measure its properties at high  at the LHC” Primary Focus – Utilize Hard Parton Scattering (& measure E parton ) High energy jets, photons and heavy flavors  requires EMCal and triggering Exploit large kinematic range of jets at LHC Measure jet structure & medium-induced jet modification Investigate energy loss mechanism with quark-tagged jets (heavy flavor decays) gluon jets (light hadron leading)  – jet coincidences Low energy particles correlated with trigger or quenched jet  requires ALICE acceptance, robust tracking, & PID to low/high p T Investigate energy propagation in medium to determine medium properties

John Harris (Yale) DOE Panel Review of ALICE-USA, May 23-24, 2007 Jet Yields per LHC Year & Jet Trigger Enhancements Jet yield in 20 GeV bin Large gains due to jet trigger Large variation in statistical reach for different reference systems

John Harris (Yale) DOE Panel Review of ALICE-USA, May 23-24, 2007 Jet Trigger Enhancements vs Reference System Jet trigger Includes acceptance, efficiency, dead time, energy resolution Complete systematic study requires all reference systems. L1 jet “patch” trigger  x  = 0.4 x 0.4 Also e,  cluster trigger enhancement factors 10 – 100 for Pb-Pb to p-p

John Harris (Yale) DOE Panel Review of ALICE-USA, May 23-24, 2007 Medium Modification of Fragmentation from Jets Fragmentation along jet axis: z = p hadron / p parton Introduce  = ln(E jet / p hadron ) ~ ln (1/z): jet direction z N. Borghini, U. Wiedemann hep-ph/ # particles with low z increases # particles with high z deceases p T hadron ~2 GeV

John Harris (Yale) DOE Panel Review of ALICE-USA, May 23-24, 2007 ALICE-USA Manpower ALICE-USA Collaboration Manpower Estimates from 10 DOE-supported research institutions: Creighton, Houston, Kent State, LBNL, LLNL, Oak Ridge, Purdue, Tennessee, Wayne State, and Yale FTEs estimate for: EMCal detector support, trigger, computing, simulations & analysis, and papers (anticipate additional manpower from Texas, MSU)

John Harris (Yale) DOE Panel Review of ALICE-USA, May 23-24, 2007 ALICE-USA Common Fund & M&O Fees to CERN FY07 Common Fund = 5 DOE-supported institutions * CHF 45K = CHF 225K CHF 225K (* 0.80) = $180K M&O = 18 DOE collaborators * CHF 14K = CHF 252K (*0.80) = $202K FY08 Common Fund = 5 new DOE-supported institutions * CHF 45K = CHF 225K CHF 225K (* 0.80) = $180K M&O = 35 DOE collaborators * CHF 14K = CHF 490K (*0.80) = $392K FY09 M&O = DOE collaborators * CHF 14K = CHF K (*0.80) = $ K Note - FY07, 08, 09 Common Fund payments total = $360K could be spread over three years amounting to $120K per year for each of FY07, 08, 09.

John Harris (Yale) DOE Panel Review of ALICE-USA, May 23-24, 2007 ALICE-USA Computing (Soltz Presentation) ALICE-USA Computing Resources Requires DOE investment in NERSC/PDSF cluster (half of projected ALICE-USA computing resources) Additional resources from LLNL Livermore Computing (LC) Ohio Supercomputing Center at the Ohio State Univeristy (OSC/OSU) Texas Learning Center at University of Houston. (TLC/UH)

John Harris (Yale) DOE Panel Review of ALICE-USA, May 23-24, 2007 Summary of ALICE-USA Request Request overall DOE support for: research and participation in ALICE of 10 institutions under review construction of the US EMCal ($13.3 M) computing in ALICE Cost of support from DOE Heavy Ion Research: redirection of effort from RHIC to ALICE : $2.7M in 2007  $3.8M in 2009 new support: $0.69M in 2007  $1.48M in 2009 (+ 1FTE includes computing) plus $0.36M one-time fee for one-time: $0.36M - CERN institutional fees (can be spread over 2007 – 2009) annual:$0.20M in 2007 increasing to $0.45M in 2009 for CERN M&O fees $0.05M starting in 2009 in CERN detector fees $0.18 in 2007 to $0.4M in 2009 for sppl. travel to participate in experiment & install EMCal $0.23M annually in new research support computing: $0.08M in 2007 increasing to ~ 0.35M +1 FTE in 2009 estimated for computing hardware

John Harris (Yale) DOE Panel Review of ALICE-USA, May 23-24, 2007 Concluding Remarks Significant new high p T heavy ion physics at LHC ALICE - versatile, general purpose heavy ion detector at LHC will contribute significantly to understanding of HI physics ALICE-USA and EMCal add significant physics to ALICE & LHC measure and trigger on jets, photons, pi-zeros heavy quark jet tags triggered jets  response of medium ALICE-USA seeks DOE support to participate in ALICE construct EMCal extract exciting, fundamental physics