STRUCTURAL BODY SYSTEMS

SKELETAL SYSTEM

What is the skeletal system made up of?

Bones, Cartilage, and tendons Approximately 206 bones make up the body

What is in a bone?

Bones are living organs (made up of several different tissues) Made up of connective tissue and minerals that are deposited by living cells (osteoblasts)

What are the two types of tissue? SpongySpongy COMPACTCOMPACT

Compact bone – tissue that doesn’t have much visible open spaces Spongy bone – provides most strength and support for the bone

What is bone marrow?

Bone marrow produces red and white blood cells.

What is cartilage?

Bones start off as a soft and flexible tissue called cartilage. During childhood growth plates of cartilage remain in most bones to allow for continued growth.

What is a joint?

A place where two or more bones connect. Allow body to move when your muscles contract. Held together by ligaments

What is the purpose of skeletal system?

Protection Heart and lungs are shielded by your ribs Spinal cord is protected by your vertebrae, Brain is protected by skull

Storage Store minerals that help the nerves and muscles function properly Store fat to use for energy

Movement Skeletal muscles pull the bones to produce movement Without them you couldn’t walk, sit or stand

Blood cell formation Filled with marrow that makes blood cells

Skeletal Disorders Compound Fracture - when the bone breaks completely and tears through the skin! OUCH!!!

Disorders Continued… Ankle Sprain – when damage is done to ligaments around the ankle.

Osteoporosis The degeneration of bone mass over time.

The Muscular System

What does the muscular system do?

Works with the skeletal system to move the body Push blood through vessels Helps with digestion

What are the different types of muscles?

Smooth muscle – found in digestive tract Cardiac muscle – found in heart Skeletal muscle – attached to bones for movement (protects inner organs).

What is the difference between voluntary and involuntary muscles?

Voluntary – Under your control (working out biceps, triceps etc.) Involuntary – Not under your control (smooth and cardiac are involuntary).

How do muscles work in pairs?

Skeletal muscles work in pairs to cause smooth, controlled movements. When the biceps contract, the elbow bends. When the triceps contract, the elbow straightens.

Flexors Flexors are muscles that contract as the muscle shortens. Ex. Biceps

Extensors Extensors are muscles that contract as the muscle extends. Ex. Triceps

What are the two basic types of exercises?

Resistance exercise – develops strength of skeletal muscles. (Lifting weights, sit ups etc.)

Aerobic exercise – steady, moderate activity such as jogging, cycling. Strengthens skeletal some, but mostly strengthens heart and increases endurance.

Oh yeah! Girls can build muscle too!!! Click to next slide

Don’t tell my wife. She hasn’t seen this photo yet!

Integumentary System

What makes up the integumentary system?

Skin, hair, and nails

Why do you need your skin?

Skin protects you by keeping moisture in your body and foreign particles out. Nerve endings allow you to feel what’s around you

Defense Skin is the largest organ. 1 st line of defense against infections.

Helps to regulate your body’s temperature through sweat glands producing sweat. Helps to get rid of waste.

Sweat helps to regulate temperature.

What is melanin?

A chemical that determines skin color. The amount of melanin varies from person to person.

What are the two basic layers of skin?

Epidermis – The part of the skin that you can see. Most epidermal cells are dead and filled with a protein called keratin.

Dermis – the deeper, thicker layer of your skin. Lies underneath the epidermis Mostly connective tissue and contains collagen that allows skin to bend without tearing.

What is the importance of hair?

Hairs protect skin from ultraviolet light and help keep particles such as dust, out of your eyes and nose.

What is a hair follicle?

A tiny sac where hair grows as new cells. Pushes up older cells – the only living cell in a hair are the in the hair follicle.

What are the purpose of nails?

To protect the tips of your fingers and toes so that they can remain sensitive.

Skin Disorders Acne Too much oil, dead skin, and bacteria can clog pores. This is the result!

Squeezing makes them worse! Keep face clean. Don’t Squeez!