Cell Signaling

Local Signaling Paracrine Paracrine Synaptic Synaptic

Long-distance Signaling Endocrine Endocrine Hormones

Stages of Cell Signaling

Reception Reception  Ligand (signaling molecule) binds to receptor protein  RP shape change stimulates transduction pathway

Stages of Cell Signaling Intracellular reception Intracellular reception  Nonpolar signals bind to receptors in cytosol or nucleus

Stages of Cell Signaling Transduction Transduction  Various molecules relay signal to response location

Inactive kinase 1 Phosphorylation cascade Inactive kinase 2 Active kinase 1 Active kinase 2 Active enzyme Inactive enzyme Cellular response ADP Activated relay molecule Stages of Cell Signaling Phosphorylation Kinase activates molecule by adding a phosphate group

Inactive kinase 1 Phosphorylation cascade Inactive kinase 2 Active kinase 1 Active kinase 2 Active enzyme Inactive enzyme Cellular response ADP Activated relay molecule Stages of Cell Signaling Dephosphorylation Phosphatase deactivates molecule by removing a phosphate group

Stages of Cell Signaling Response Response

Stages of Cell Signaling