Recording electrical activity in the brain

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Presentation transcript:

Recording electrical activity in the brain Neurophysiology Recording electrical activity in the brain http://play.psych.mun.ca/~smilway/

Types of Recording Acute or chronic Spontaneous or Evoked Sensory (touch, light, sound) Chemical (injection, pipette, microdialysis) Electrical (Electode) Intracellular, extracellular, juxtacellular In Vivo, In Vitro

Simplest Preparation Record Spontaneous Electrical Activity using a single electrode. Recording Electrodes Micropipette(intra-, extra- or juxtacellular) Fine wire (extracellular) Carbon fibre (extracellular) Ground or Reference

Stimulating Electrodes Recording Electrodes http://www.psych.umn.edu/courses/fall05/burkhardtd/psy3031/images/microelectrode.jpg

The not so simple setup

Recording The recording electrode or the micropipette’s silver wire is connected to the G1 pole of the amplifier input. The ground (screw) is connnected to the G2 pole. The signal on G2 (background) is subtracted from G1. (Differential amplification)

Amplifier The Amplifier amplifies and filters the signal. Amplifier output goes to: Oscilloscope A to D Converter

Oscilloscope X-axis: Time Y-axis: Voltage

A to D Converter Analog to Digital Voltages -10V to +10V are assigned a digital value 0  4095 Digital value can be stored on computer.

A to D conversion Sampling Rate Temporal Resolution Digitization Range Voltage Resolution

Ato D Sampling Rate & Temporal Resolution

A to D Digital Range & Voltage Resolution 4096 points 4 settings: -10V to +10V Resolution: 4.88mV -5V to +5V Resolution: 2.44mV -2.5V to +2.5V Resolution:1.22mV -1.25V to +1.25V Resolution: 0.61mV Maximize use of the range, but avoid clipping. 20V 20V

Here the signals from the rat are seen in the oscilloscope (top) and on the computer monitor after being digitized by the AtoD Converter.

Add Electrical Stimulation Many experiments examine connectivity by looking at response evoked by electrical stimulation to input.

Electrical Stimulation Monopolar Anodal Cathodal (electrons flow cathode  anode) Bipolar Twisted wire Concentric

D to A Conveter This particular stimulator is gating a pulse from a computer to administer the stimulation. The D to A converter converts a digital input to a voltage.

Heater Under anaethesia animal will not regulate temperature very well. A heater can be added to maintain the animals temperature at a constant level

Computer A computer is usually used to control the experiment and collect and analyze the data. Specialized software packages for neurophysiology are available. We use Expeimenter Workbench by DataWave.

The Circuit

The Preparation Recording Electrode in Granule Cell Layer of Dentate Gyrus Stimulating Electrode in Perforant Path Cannula in Locus Coeruleus

The Evoked Response