LRJJ Official Referencing Style

Objectives To discourage plagiarism. To teach students correct referencing. To ensure APA referencing style is followed for all the research projects. To standardise practice across the institution, easing transfer option.

Why Referencing? To avoid plagiarism To add reliability and credibility to your work To give due respect to those whose work contributed to your discussion To acknowledge the source of all ideas which are not common knowledge To allow readers of your work to read more on the topic and check your interpretation

Plagiarism “The stealing of thoughts or writings of others and giving them out as your own” (Oxford, 2001, p. 961). Plagiarism in any submitted work at Les Roches Jin Jiang will result in ZERO mark.

Golden Rules for Referencing A reference must be included every time you use someone else’s information or ideas. A reference must be included when you: –Paraphrase, Quote, Summarize, Copy Each reference must appear in two places: –The in-text reference / citation –The reference list at the end of your work.

Golden Rules for Referencing No wikipedia No blog Use your own word, do not use synonym Use databases, journals, peer-reviewed resources

In-text Citation Three sources for information: –Self ideas and observations. –General common information. –Specific information, phrases and ideas from other sources ("borrowed information"). In-text citation is only required when you use specific “borrowed information”.

In-text Citation Unacceptable: Revenue Management is an application to analyze and estimate consumer behavior with the correct information and pricing strategies in order to maximize revenue. In short, it is a method “to sell the right inventory unit to the right type of customer, at the right time and for the right price”.

In-text Citation Acceptable: According to Cross (1997), Revenue Management is an application to analyze and estimate consumer behavior with the correct information and pricing strategies in order to maximize revenue. Kimes (2000, p. 3) simplified its definition as a practice of “selling the right inventory unit to the right type of customer, at the right time and for the right price”. Paraphrasing: (Author, year) Direct quotation: (Author, year, p. xx)

Reference List vs. Bibliography Reference list –A complete alphabetical list of all the sources you have used in your work. Bibliography –A list of books, articles and papers that form background reading, or further reading, and the items shown in a bibliography section do not need to be cited in the text. As a student, you need to use a “Reference list”, not a “Bibliography” at the end of your work.

References (Book) Jagels, M. G. (2007). Hospitality management accounting (9th ed.). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Author(s)’ last name and first initials Publication year Book title italicized Edition number, any other than first Place of publication (City, state abbreviation) Publisher Indented Usage of et al.: When there are three or more authors, but only when the citation is used for a second time (Sinatra et al., 2007). The first time must be in full (Sinatra, Garland, & Fitzgerald, 2007) With six or more authors the citation should be (Jagels et al., 2007) for in-text referencing only.

References (Book) Curran, J. M., & Meuter, M. L. (2005). Self-service technology adoption: Comparing three technologies. Services Marketing. (7 th ed.). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Author(s)’ last name and first initials Publication year Article title Edition Indented Place of publication (City, state abbreviation) Publisher In-text referencing: (Authors' last names, year of publication, p. x)

References (Journals) Curran, J. M., & Meuter, M. L. (2005). Self-service technology adoption: Comparing three technologies. Journal of Services Marketing. 19(2), Retrieved from Author(s)’ last name and first initials Publication year Article title Volume number (issue number), page range Journal URL Journal title, italicized Indented If the web URL is not available, use the database homepage (EBSCO, Proquest, Emeralds, etc)

References (Website) Kielnhofer, D. (2010). Marketing for a new business era. Retrieved from news/item.php?id=19504_0_11_0_C Author(s)’ last name and first initials Publication year Webpage title italicized URL of the webpage If no author is available, use webpage title in italics followed by date If no date is available, use n.d. If neither author nor date available, use webpage title in italics followed by n.d.

References (Newspaper) Ko, B. (2012, May 5). Referencing in lrjj. Shanghai Daily. Retrieved from in lrjj/ Author(s)’ last name and first initials Publication Year and date Title URL of the publication page Newspaper name

Issues in Referencing Relying on automatic referencing in writing software Formatting: you need to adjust and correct the layout Incomplete or over complete reference list (Only listed sources that you used in the text)

B. KO – Spring 2012

Quiz Question 3: Which is the correct citation format for a direct quote? A: (Marshall, 2010, p. 14) or (Jones, 2009, p. 6) B: (Marshall, 2010) or (Jones, 2009) ANSWER: A /although direct quotes are not favored (max. one per page)

Quiz Question 2: When is et al used? (e.g., Sinatra et al., 2007) A: When there are three or more authors, but only when the citation is used for a second time (Sinatra et al., 2007). The first time must be in full (Sinatra, Garland, & Fitzgerald, 2007) B: When there are three or more authors. ANSWER: A /But with six or more authors the citation should be (Sinatra et al., 2007).

Question 4: Why is one example unacceptable and the other acceptable? Unacceptable: Differentiation as an instructional approach promotes a balance between a student’s style and a student’s ability (Thompson, 2009, p. 2). Acceptable: “Differentiation as an instructional approach promotes a balance between a student’s style and a student’s ability” (Thompson, 2009, p. 2). ANSWER: The first example is bad as there are no quotation marks to show that these words are actually the exact words the source uses. This would be considered a plagiarized sentence.