A Pathways Model of Gambling

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Presentation transcript:

A Pathways Model of Gambling Blaszczynski & Nower (2002) proposed a Pathways Model of Problem and Pathological Gambling. The model integrates biological, psychological and ecological variables that contribute to the development of pathological gambling. The model includes three pathways leading to problem and pathological gambling: Contributor © POSbase 2005

A Pathways Model of Gambling Pathway 1 gamblers are behaviorally conditioned, and are characterized by an absence of premorbid psychopathology. Pathway 2 gamblers present with emotional and biological vulnerabilities which contribute to their gambling. Pathway 3 gamblers are distinguished by features of impulsivist traits and antisocial personality disorder. © POSbase 2005

A Pathways Model of Gambling Emotional Vulnerability Biological Vulnerability Pathway 1 PROBLEM & PATHOLOGICAL GAMBLING Classical & Operant Conditioning Habituation Chasing Ecological Factors Impulsivist Traits Pathway 3 Let us now go through each pathway © POSbase 2005

A Pathways Model of Gambling Ecological Factors » Increased availability » Increased accessibility Studies: Grun & McKeigue (2000); Shaffer et al. (1999) Pathway 2 Emotional Vulnerability Pathway 1 Biological Vulnerability Classical & Operant Conditioning Impulsivist Traits Pathway 3 Habituation Chasing PROBLEM & PATHOLOGICAL GAMBLING © POSbase 2005

A Pathways Model of Gambling Ecological Factors Classical & Operant Conditioning Arousal/excitement: » Subjective excitement » Physiological arousal Cognitive schemas: » Irrational beliefs » Illusion of control » Biased evaluation » Gambler’s fallacy Pathway 2 Pathway 1 Emotional Vulnerability Biological Vulnerability Impulsivist Traits Pathway 3 Habituation Chasing PROBLEM & PATHOLOGICAL GAMBLING © POSbase 2005

A Pathways Model of Gambling Emotional Vulnerability Ecological Factors Pathway 1 Biological Vulnerability Classical & Operant Conditioning Impulsivist Traits Pathway 3 Habituation » Pattern of habitual gambling established Chasing PROBLEM & PATHOLOGICAL GAMBLING © POSbase 2005

A Pathways Model of Gambling Emotional Vulnerability Ecological Factors Pathway 1 Biological Vulnerability Classical & Operant Conditioning Impulsivist Traits Pathway 3 Habituation Chasing » Chasing wins, losses » Losing more than expected PROBLEM & PATHOLOGICAL GAMBLING © POSbase 2005

A Pathways Model of Gambling Emotional Vulnerability Mood disturbance: » Depression » Anxiety Poor coping/problem-solving: » Life stresses » Substance use Childhood disturbance Personality: » Risk taking » Boredom proneness Studies: Blaszczynski et al. (1997), Steel & Blaszczynski (1998) Pathway 2 Ecological Factors Pathway 1 Classical & Operant Conditioning Impulsivist Traits Habituation Pathway 3 Biological Vulnerability Chasing PROBLEM & PATHOLOGICAL GAMBLING © POSbase 2005

A Pathways Model of Gambling Biological Vulnerability Biochemical: » Serotonergic » Noradrenergic » Dopaminergic Cortical: »EEG differentials Study: Comings et al. (1996) Emotional Vulnerability Pathway 2 Ecological Factors Pathway 1 Classical & Operant Conditioning Habituation Impulsivist Traits Chasing Pathway 3 PROBLEM & PATHOLOGICAL GAMBLING © POSbase 2005

A Pathways Model of Gambling Impulsivist Traits Neuropsychological: » ADHD » Impulsivisity Anti-social behaviour Substance abuse Studies: Alessi & Petry (2003), Blaszczynski et al. (1997), Steel & Baszczynski (1998) Emotional Vulnerability Biological Vulnerability Pathway 2 Pathway 3 Ecological Factors Pathway 1 Classical & Operant Conditioning Habituation Chasing PROBLEM & PATHOLOGICAL GAMBLING © POSbase 2005