Chapter 4 Circuit-Switching Networks Multiplexing.

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Chapter 4 Circuit-Switching Networks Multiplexing

North American Digital Multiplexing Hierarchy DS0, 64 Kbps channel DS1, Mbps channel DS2, Mbps channel DS3, Mbps channel DS4, Mbps channel Mux DS1 signal, 1.544Mbps DS2 signal, 6.312Mbps DS3 signal, Mpbs DS4 signal Mbps 24 DS0 4 DS1 7 DS2 6 DS3 * DS: Digital Signal

CCITT Digital Hierarchy : European Mux Mbps Mbps Mpbs Mbps 64 Kbps E1, Mbps channel E2, Mbps channel E3, Mbps channel E4, Mbps channel

SONET: Overview Synchronous Optical NETwork North American TDM physical layer standard for optical fiber communications 8000 frames/sec. (T frame = 125  sec) compatible with North American digital hierarchy Greatly simplifies multiplexing in network backbone Protection & restoration

SONET Specifications Defines electrical & optical signal interfaces Electrical Multiplexing, Regeneration performed in electrical domain STS – Synchronous Transport Signals Optical Transmission carried out in optical domain Optical transmitter & receiver OC – Optical Carrier

SONET & SDH Hierarchy SONET Electrical Signal Optical SignalBit Rate (Mbps) STS-1OC STS-3OC STS-9OC STS-12OC STS-18OC STS-24OC STS-36OC STS-48OC STS-192OC STS: Synchronous Transport Signal OC: Optical Channel

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