The Microscopic World of Cells  Cell membranes and transport  Cell Organelles  Plant vs. animal cell.

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Presentation transcript:

The Microscopic World of Cells  Cell membranes and transport  Cell Organelles  Plant vs. animal cell

TYPES of CELLS Prokaryotic Cells Prokaryotes are very simple cells, probably first to inhabit the earth. Prokaryotic cells do not contain a membrane bound nucleus. Bacteria are prokaryotes. DNA of bacteria is circular. The word "prokaryote" means "before the nucleus" Other features found in some bacteria: Flagella - used for movement Pilus - small hairlike structures used for attaching to other cells Capsule - tough outer layer that protects bacteria, often associated with harmful bacteria

Eukaryotic Cells Eukaryotic cells are more advanced cells. These cells are found in plants, animals, and protists (small unicellular "animalcules"). The eukaryotic cell is composed of 4 main parts: cell membrane - outer boundary of the cell cytoplasm - jelly-like fluid interior of the cell nucleus - the "control center" of the cell, contains the cell's DNA (chromosomes) organelles - "little organs" that carry out cell functions

Animal Cell Overview

Cell Membrane and Transport Composed of phospholipids Arranged in a bilayer Active transport Passive transport osmosis diffusion marker proteins receptor proteins

Animal Cell Overview (Animal Cell Organelles)

Nucleus Nucleolus-site of ribosomal RNA Chromatin- made of DNA Nucleus-brain of the cell Directs all cell activity Contains genetic material

Mitochondria Supplies the cells energy- power plant of the cell I need more power!!

Endoplasmic Recticulum Series of flattened membranous sacs. Acts like the cells freeway, transportation system.

Ribosomes Site of protein synthesis. Often found lining the E.R. May be found floating free in cytoplasm.

Golgi Complex Acts like a mailman, packages and sorts proteins for delivery throughout the cell A series of flattened sacs

Centrioles A group of microtubules that aid in cell division.

Lysosome

Plant vs. Animal Cell Three differences: Chloroplasts Vacuoles Cell wall

Chloroplast Site of 6CO 2 +6H 2 0  C 6 H 12 O 6 +6O 2

Do not exist in animal cells, give plant cells their rigidity.

Exists in animals but is much larger in plants. Used to store food, waste, gases, pigments, water.

Cell Quiz 1.Name 3 differences between plant and animal cells. 2.What organelle is the site of protein synthesis? 3.What organelle acts like the post office? 4.What organelle aids in cell division? 5. How does water enter the cell?

Bibliography Integrated Biology/Chemistry A, Continuity of Life Notebook, CORD,Waco, Texas, Microsoft Encarta Reference Suite 99, chresults.htm The End!