Classifying Living Organisms Domains and Kingdoms.

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Presentation transcript:

Classifying Living Organisms Domains and Kingdoms

Carolus Linnaeus’ Classification System 4Swedish botanist ( ) 4Binomial Nomenclature – 4two-part scientific name 4 Genus species 4Why Latin? 4Latin was the language known universally by the educated 4Also used as a descriptor

Carolus Linneaus 4Kingdom 4Phylum 4Class 4Order 4Family 4Genus 4species

Common Names for Lutjanus griseus 4gray silk 4mangrove snapper 4mangrove pargue 4mango snapper 4pargue 4black pargue 4black snapper 4lawyer 4silk 4snapper

Avoiding common names 4Cat 4Gato 4Koshka 4Chien 4 kitty Cougar Mountain Lion Puma Catamount Panther

Classifying by Relationship 4Kingdom Animalia Animalia Animalia 4Phylum Chordata Chordata Chordata 4Class Mammalia Mammalia Mammalia 4Order Carnivora Carnivora Carnivora 4Family Canidae Canidae Felidae 4Genus Canis Canis Felis 4species familiaris latrans domesticus

Domains

6 Kingdoms of Living Things 4Archaebacteria 4Eubacteria 4Protista 4Fungi 4Plantae 4Animalia

Domain Archaea or Kingdom ArchaebacteriaArchaea 4Prokaryote 4unicellular 4Often do not need oxygen 4Live in harsh environments; classified base on where they live (such as thermal vents deep in ocean, salt-lakes, acidic environments, some even in ice!)

Domain or Kingdom: Bacteria 4Prokaryote 4unicellular 4Often do need oxygen 4Live and feed by decomposing other cells. 4Some can do photosynthesis. 4Cell walls made of peptidoglycan. 4videovideo

Baceria Shapes 1. Bacilli: - Rod-shaped 2. Cocci: - Spherical (round like a coconut) 3. Spirilla: - Long and spiral shaped.

Heterotrophic Bacteria 1. Free-living consumers: E. coli Azobacter converts initrogen into ammonium, making it available for plant use; E. coli lives in your colon, feeds on your waste and makes vitamin K for you. 2. Parasitic: Always needs an organism to get food or shelter (host): Impetigo is caused by strains Staphylococcus aureus or Streptococcus pyogenes. 3. Decomposers: Pseudomonas bacteria in the soil recycles dead plants and animals by turning them into minerals and nutrients that plants and microbes can use.

Autotrophic Bacteria 4Producers -> Use sunlight to make food and are often green. Example: 4Cyanobacteria: Blue- green algae 4Lives in water 4Has chlorophyll (green pigment for photosynthesis) 4Some others have blue or red pigment.

Domain Eukaryota 4Eukaryote 4Unicellular or multicellular 4Includes Kingdom Animalia, KingdomPlantae, Kingdom Fungi and Protista.

Protist Kingdoms 4Eukaryote 4Unicellular 4Heterotroph or Autotroph 4No cell walls in Protozoa

Protista includes Protozoa of 4 main groups: classified based on movement

Protista includes several types of Algae and Seaweed classified based on chemical criteria (PS pigments)

Kingdom Plantae 4Eukaryote 4multicellular 4Autotrophs: Photosynthesis 4Strong cell walls made of cellulose

4 Main Divisions of Plants

Kingdom Fungi 4Eukaryote 4Multicellular or possibly unicellular 4Heterotroph: absorb nutrients from decomposing organisms 4Cell walls made of protein (chitin), not cellulose 4videovideo

Fungi are classified by how they make SPORES

9 Major Animal Phyla 4Porifera (sponges) 4Cnidaria (jellyfish) 4Platyhelminthes (flatworms) 4Nematoda (roundworms) 4Annelida (segmentedworms) 4Mollusca (snails, clams, squid) 4Arthropoda (insects, crabs) 4Echinodermata (starfish) 4Chordata (vertebrates)

Kingdom Animalia 4Eukaryote 4multicellular 4Heterotroph: eat other organisms 4Cells lack cell walls

VIRUS: NOT A KINGDOM!!

What is a virus? Non-living particle, smaller than a cell that can infect living organisms (hosts). Structure of Virus: Capsid (Protein coat) Genetic Material (DNA or RNA)

How to Classify Viruses 1. By their shape 2. Type of disease they cause. 3. Kind of genetic material they have (DNA, RNA)

Shapes: 1. Cylinders  Ex. Tobacco mosaic virus, attacks tobacco plants. 2. Spheres  Ex. Influenza virus 3. Crystals  Ex. Polio Virus 1. Spacecraft  - Attacks only bacteria.

Lytic Cycle 4Process used by virus using a cell to make more of their kind.

Lysogenic Cycle

Are virus alive? 4Don’t eat, grow, or break down food. 4They are not made of cells. 4They need a host cell to reproduce. 4There is no cure, only a treatment. 4Antibiotics DO NOT kill viruses 4Antiviral medications only stop viruses from reproducing.