A View of Life Chapter 01 A View of Life1 Hints on How to get the most out of your textbook Always read the focus sections – College Board always asks questions about the applications of biology concepts. = you will almost always been tested on this information Define all chapter vocabulary before you read the text Do Not write the chapter summaries from the outline, you will miss important explanations Study ALL the pictures. If you can explain all chapter pictures & diagrams you understand the information Use the publishers website.********

A View of Life Chapter 01 A View of Life2 All Living Things are Made of many smaller parts that work collectively to give “life”.

A View of Life 3 Each Level has Characteristics that are only made possible from combining smaller parts. Levels of Organization in Living things 7. Organ System 8. Organism 1. Atoms 2. Molecules 3. Organelles 4. Cells 5. Tissues 6. Organs EXAMPLE: Cell organelles are not living, when they are all together in a cell they produce a living system

4 Levels of Biological Organization

A View of Life 5 4 Characteristics of Living things A.Uses Energy B.Response to Environment C.Reproduction & development D.Adaptation

6 Defining Life

A View of Life 7 A - ENERGY a.Metabolism is all the chemical rxns nec. For life (aka – homeostasis) b.The Ultimate source of energy is the sun. It is harnessed by PS = organic molecules (carbohydrates) which can be used by heterotrophs. Which can support food chains

8 Acquiring Nutrients

A View of Life 9 B Response to Environment a.All living organisms sense the environment and react. b.Reaction may include immediate movement (animals, protists, bacteria) c.Reaction may be delayed and apparent through growth in a particular direction (plants, fungi)

A View of Life 10 C Reproduction & Development a.Includes passing of genetic material to offspring b.Mitosis c.Meiosis d.Binary fission

A View of Life 11 Rockhopper Penguins & Offspring

A View of Life 12 D Adaptation a.Occurs by natural selection b.All organisms possess similarities at the cellular level therefore evidence that c.All organisms are descended from a “common ancestor” through evolution

A View of Life 13 Basic relationship of Living & Nonliving Nutrients are finite resources, they must be recycled through biosphere. Energy in the biosphere does not recycle Ex. Sun – organism – heat – escape to atmosphere

A View of Life 14 Levels of Classification Z. mays H. sapiens Species ZeaHomoGenus PoacaeHominidaeFamily CommelinalesPrimatesOrder LiliopsidaMammaliaClass AnthophytaChordataPhylum PlantaeAnimaliaKingdom EukaryaEukaryaDomain CornHumanTaxon

A View of Life 15ClassificationTaxonomy: DDDD KKKK PPPP CCCC DDDD FFFF GGGG SSSS

A View of Life 16ClassificationTaxonomy:  Levels are, from least inclusive to most inclusive: ­Species, genus, family, order, class, phylum, kingdom, and domain ­A level usually includes more species than the level below it, and fewer species than the one above it

A View of Life 17DomainsBacteria  Microscopic unicellular prokaryotes Archaea  Bacteria-like unicellular prokaryotes  Extreme aquatic environments Eukarya  Eukaryotes – Familiar organisms

18 Domains: The Archaea

19 Domains: The Bacteria

A View of Life 20Kingdoms Archaea – Kingdoms still being worked out Bacteria - Kingdoms still being worked out Eukarya  Kingdom Protista  Kingdom Fungi  Kingdom Plantae  Kingdom Animalia

21 Domains: The Eukaryote Kindoms

22 The Scientific Method: Process of Science Scientific Study of Life Requires Observable data to make conclusions A tentative explanation for what was observed

A View of Life 23 The Scientific Method: Requirements 1.Observe 2.Evidence (data) – repeat, record, repeatable 3.Inference – conclusions HYPOTHESIS – deductive reasoning if, … then

A View of Life 24 CONTROL – includes all steps but no changes / variables used to confirm that experiment was carried out correctly with out bias or flaws bias = uses Chi Square VARIABLE – factor that causes an observable change. Experiment variable – parts of the exper. Dependent variable - result

A View of Life 25 THEORY – conclusion that is supported by evidence repeatedly – not social definition

26 The Scientific Method: A Flow Diagram

27 Biology is unified by the concept of evolution, all things are related, but are also different as a result of natural selection.