Ms. Burgess 1/26-27 English 9A FINAL Review

 Definition: Tells a story beginning middle and end  Example: Once upon a time a girl lived in a shoe.  Types:  Autobiography  Biographies  Poetry  Stories  Definition: Gives information  Example: Over the weekend a fire started in Sylmar, CA that burned a lot of mobile homes.  Types: Fictional (expository critique, essay) and Non fictional (commentary, workplace documents, consumer place documents) NarrativeExpository

1. Characterization 2. Character Interactions 3. Figurative language 4. Theme/Recurring theme 5. Tone 6. Mood

 Definition: Analysis of a character  Example:  Waverly is mean because of the way she speaks “freely” to her mother.  Waverly is mean because her actions indirectly characterize her as such  Characterization statement

Definition: Indirect – Reader must make inferences about a character based on the author’s description Ex: “When he smiled and asked what they served, I shouted, ‘Guts and duck’s feet and octopus Gizzards’.” (Tan 264) This shows Waverly is mischievous because she joked with the tourists about what the Chinese restaurant sold. Definition: Direct – Author tells reader directly about character  Ex: “It’s not that, its just so obvious. It’s just so embarrassing.” (Tan 270) This shows Waverly is embarrassed of her mother because she tells her mother how she feels about her showing her off.

 Appearance – How the character looks  Ex: “I wore neatly plaited braids clipped with plastic barrettes trimmed with rhinestones.” (Tan 269) This shows Waverly is a girl because she is wearing barrettes and rhinestones.  Dialogue – What the character says to others  Ex: “Want to play?” (Tan 267) This shows Waverly is determined because she insisted on learning to play chess and approached Lau Po to play with her.  Narration – What the character/narrator says  Ex: “I found it difficult to function at home. My mother had a habit of standing over me…” (Tan 270) This shows Waverly is a hard-worker because she practices chess at home on her spare time.  Actions – What the character does  Ex: “I fled down the alley, past dark curtained shops…” (Tan 271) This shows Waverly is a coward because she did not face her mom immediately after she hurt her mom.

 Definition: Analysis of a character based on a characters interactions with self and others  Types: Internal conflict – Struggle character has with self External conflict – Struggle character has with others

External & Internal Conflict  “I jerked my hand out of my mother’s tight grasp and spun around.” ( Tan 271) Indirect  This shows Waverly’s external conflict is a struggle with her mother over the embarrassment she feels when her mother “shows her off”.  “I closed my eyes and pondered my next move.” (Tan 272) Indirect  This shows Waverly’s internal conflict is her struggle with how to resolve her embarrassment with her mother “showing her off”.

 Metaphor - Comparison not using like or as  Life is a highway.  Simile – Comparison using like or as  Life is like a highway.  Idiom – Common expression  Money doesn’t grow on trees.  Personification – An object takes on human characteristics  My locker ate my hw.

 Hyperbole – Exaggeration  It was a thousand degrees outside.  Alliteration – Repetition of initial consonant sounds  James jumped joyfully.  Allegory – A story with a dual meaning  “R.O.G” – Chess strategies = life strategies  Symbol – Object stands for something  Snake = evil

 (Topic sentence) Michener is stubborn because his dialogue indirectly characterizes him as such. (Example sentence) For example, “I protested: No, No, No rugs!” (Michener 317) (Explanation sentence) This exemplifies Michener’s stubbornness because he refused to take the rugs.

 Definition: Author’s attitude in the story  Example: Plath’s tone in “Tulips” is very negative towards her stay in the hospital.  Definition: Feeling created in the story  Example: The mood the figurative language Plath uses on “Tulips” is depressing and sad.

 Definition: Subject  Example: A topic in “Rules of the Games” is respect within family relationships.  Definition: Message (about life or human nature)  Must be a statement!  Example: In “Rules of the Game” the theme is to respect your parents, because they only want what is best for you. Waverly was disrespectful to her mother when she yelled at her about the embarrassment she felt.  Recurring theme – occurs in more than one story

 Topic: A topic in “Dreams” is the importance of dreams.  Topic: A topic in “Dreams Deferred” is lost dreams.

“Dreams”  Theme: In “Dreams” the theme is to not let go of your dreams because they are important in life. (Topic sentence) “Dreams Deferred”  Theme: In “Dreams Deferred” the theme is hold on to your dreams because you don’t want to find out what happens to dead dreams.

(Topic sentence) The theme in the poem “Dream Deferred” is (restate question) hold on to your dreams (theme) because you don’t want to find out what happens to lost dreams. (Example) For example, “What happens to a dream deferred…does it stink like rotten meat?” (904) (Explanation sentence) This simile shows that you should hold on to your dreams because the outcome will be unpleasant.

1. Workplace documents 2. Consumer documents 3. Functional documents

Definition: Text that provide information to employees Types: job application, employee manual, health insurance guide, job procedures booklet or handbook, interoffice memorandum, , chart, instructions for operating equipment, letter.

 Definition: Texts that provides information about products and services to users  Types: A doc. that shows you how to form a complaint, how to hook up a stereo system, nutritional facts

Expository Documents: Functional Documents  Definition: Text that provides information that helps you function, or learn how to do things in the real world  Types: Instruction manuals, how to books, cookbooks, product information, information book lets, procedure memos, guides for permits

2. Structural (form) I. Box II. Lines III. Headers IV. Spaces 3. Graphics (visual) I. Picture II. Chart` III. Diagram 1. Format (way something is set up) I. Bold word/letters II. Capitalized words/letters III. Underlined words/letters IV. Italics V. Font I. Size II. Font color III. Font type Purpose: Obtain a position

 Cite: V – to quote from an author as evidence  Citation: N – quotation form of a reference  Citing: V – process quoting a reference  Reference: N – Mention of a source (i.e citation)

 Reference: pgs R31-R32  Modern Library Association  English (Discipline)  USE  Anytime you give a textual example  Research essay  Purpose  Cite sources 1. In the document (Ex: Steinbeck 7) - no comma - direct quote: use quotation marks – your period goes inside the quotation marks - summary: No quotations 2. End of the doc: Works-Cited List (Title)

 I.D.’s source  Parenthesis Outside of quote  I.D.’s Author last name  I.D.’s page # Long quote is separated from rest of text in another paragraph Ex: (Steinbeck 7)

 Title: Works Cited List  There are no bullet points  Page is single spaced  Indent after the first line  Alphabetize all citations Steinbeck, John. Of Mice and Men. London: Penguin Group, 1937.

Works Cited List Carroll, Joyce A., et al. Prentice Hall Literature: Timless Voices, Timeless Themes. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall, Inc., 2002.

Definition - Writing or speech that attempts to convince the reader to adopt a particular opinion or course of action. Example - Charles, you should go to college because you will make more money. Example – Charles, you should go to college because it is more fun. Which example is more persuasive?

Logos - Logic Ethos - Ethics Pathos - Emotion

 Definition – Persuasive appeal that “makes sense”  Example – Charles you should go to college because you will make more money in your lifetime with a college degree.

 Definition – Persuasive appeal that uses emotional “reasoning”  Example – Charles go to college because your parents will be proud of all your accomplishments made upon graduation.

 Definition – Persuasive appeal that addresses moral issues  Example – Charles you should ask your mom for the money to mail your college application instead of stealing it from her purse.

1. Analogy – Compares one situation to another 2. Authority – Uses expert opinion 3. Cause and effect – When something is the result of something else

1. Evaluate Arguments and Evidence – 1. Adequate? Enough 2. Appropriate? On topic 3. Accurate? True - Bias vs. Non Bias

 Definition: Positive or negative preference towards a subject  Example: Swift’s argument in “A Modest Proposal” is biased because he is trying to persuade readers to “eat babies.”  Person take everything into account and he has not taken a side

 Narrative  Characterization  Indirect Characterization  Direct Characterization  Methods for Analysis  Appearance  Dialogue  Narration  Actions  Character Interactions  Internal Conflict  External Conflict

 Figurative Language  Metaphor  Simile  Idiom  Personification  Symbol  Hyperbole  Alliteration  Allegory  Tone  Mood  TRP

 Theme  Recurring theme  Expository documents  Workplace documents  Consumer documents  Persuasion  Persuasive Appeals  Logos  Pathos  Ethos  Analogy

 Cause and Effect  Authority  MLA Format  Cite  Citation  In-text citation  Source  Works Cited - list  Features of Expository documents  Structural  Format  Graphics

 Bias  Non- Bias  Adequate  Accurate  Appropriate  Connotation  Denotation  Complete sentences (restate the question, answer and give a rationale)  Rationale  Nuderline novels  Quotations around speeches, essays, short stories

Final Study Guide  Forty multiple choice & Ten short answer  Part I: Basics (Definition, Examples)  Part II: Application  Part III: Application (In the form of TRPs and co.st responses)  In order to pass, you are required to know everything on this powerpoint!

Study Tips  Study ALL slides  Make flashcards  Make-up a test  Review TKAMB for application examples