By: Susan M. Pojer Horace Greeley HS Chappaqua, NY *Immigration info. added by Mr. Swearngin By: Susan M. Pojer Horace Greeley HS Chappaqua, NY *Immigration info. added by Mr. Swearngin

Characteristics of Urbanization During the Gilded Age 1.Megalopolis. 2.Mass Transit. 3.Magnet for economic and social opportunities. 4.Pronounced class distinctions. - Inner & outer core 5.New frontier of opportunity for women. 6.Squalid living conditions for many. 7.Political machines. 8.Ethnic neighborhoods.

New Architectural Style New Use of Space New Class Diversity New Energy New Culture (“Melting Pot”) New Form of Classic “Rugged Individualism” New Levels of Crime, Violence, & Corruption Make a New Start New Symbols of Change & Progress The City as a New “Frontier?”

Louis Sullivan  1856 – 1924  The Chicago School of Architecture  Form follows function!

Louis Sullivan: Carson, Pirie, Scott Dept. Store, Chicago, 1899

D. H. Burnham: Marshall Fields Dept. Store, 1902

Frank Lloyd Wright  1869 – 1959  “Prairie House” School of Architecture  “Organic Architecture”  Function follows form!

Frank Lloyd Wright: “Falling Waters”, 1936

Frank Lloyd Wright: Guggenheim Museum, NYC

New York City Architectural Style: 1870s-1910s 1.The style was less innovative than in Chicago. 2.NYC was the source of the capital for Chicago. 3.Most major business firms had their headquarters in NYC  their bldgs. became “logos” for their companies. 4.NYC buildings and skyscrapers were taller than in Chicago.

Woolworth Bldg. NYC

Flatiron Building NYC – 1902 D. H. Burnham

Statue of Liberty, 1876 (Frederic Auguste Bartholdi)

Urban Growth:

Population of Americans living in cities grew from 10 million in 1870 to 54 million in 1920 Population of Americans living in cities grew from 10 million in 1870 to 54 million in 1920 Half of all Missourians lived in cities by 1920 Half of all Missourians lived in cities by 1920 St. Louis was one of the largest cities in the country with over a ½ million residents St. Louis was one of the largest cities in the country with over a ½ million residents U.S. Population prediction for 2020… U.S. Population prediction for 2020… 334 Million!

“Dumbell “ Tenement

“Dumbell “ Tenement, NYC

Jacob Riis: How the Other Half Lived (1890)

Tenement Slum Living

Lodgers Huddled Together

Tenement Slum Living

The New Immigrants 2/3 of immigrants in 1880s came from Germany, England, Ireland, and Scandinavia 2/3 of immigrants in 1880s came from Germany, England, Ireland, and Scandinavia Between 1900 and 1909, 2/3 came from Italy, Austria- Hungary, & Russia Between 1900 and 1909, 2/3 came from Italy, Austria- Hungary, & Russia By 1910, many came from Mexico, Japan, and Caribbean nations By 1910, many came from Mexico, Japan, and Caribbean nations

The New Immigrants Immigrants settled in ethnic neighborhoods Immigrants settled in ethnic neighborhoods Many became more diverse over time Many became more diverse over time African- and Asian- Americans often forced into segregated neighborhoods, however African- and Asian- Americans often forced into segregated neighborhoods, however

Pell St. - Chinatown, NYC

Hester Street – Jewish Section

The “Melting Pot” or the “Salad Bowl?” Immigrants usually identified with a village or county in home country… Immigrants usually identified with a village or county in home country… Now labeled as “Italian” or “Russian” Now labeled as “Italian” or “Russian” America basically Protestant Christian before 1870 America basically Protestant Christian before 1870 Now a nation of Protestants, Catholics, Orthodox Christians, Jews, Buddhists, and Muslims Now a nation of Protestants, Catholics, Orthodox Christians, Jews, Buddhists, and Muslims Immigrants held onto traditions, but adapted to America Immigrants held onto traditions, but adapted to America Chinese cooks invented “chop suey” to use local ingredients Chinese cooks invented “chop suey” to use local ingredients American folk music integrated into immigrants’ traditions American folk music integrated into immigrants’ traditions People mixed new (going to doctors) with old (carrying amulets to ward off evil spirits). People mixed new (going to doctors) with old (carrying amulets to ward off evil spirits).

St. Patrick’s Cathedral

1900 Rosh Hashanah Greeting Card

Mulberry Street – “Little Italy”