The Age of Reform: 19 th century US social movements

Which causes do you believe in? How do you want to improve the world? How do you want to improve the world?

Today’s Social Movements

2 nd Great Awakening ROOT of most other 19 century movements ROOT of most other 19 century movements Eternal salvation open to all who believed in Christ Eternal salvation open to all who believed in Christ Christians should help those less fortunate and that all men have dignity Christians should help those less fortunate and that all men have dignity

A Revival

Slavery-“A Peculiar Institution”

Abolitionists Believed that the practice of slavery was brutal and cruel and must end immediately Believed that the practice of slavery was brutal and cruel and must end immediately Elijah Lovejoy William Lloyd GarrisonFredrick Douglas John Brown Sojourner Truth

The Underground Railroad Secret organization of abolitionists across the US that worked to help slaves escape to freedom Secret organization of abolitionists across the US that worked to help slaves escape to freedom

Temperance Consumption of alcohol damages people and society. Consumption of alcohol damages people and society. People should refrain from drinking alcohol and the government should ban it. People should refrain from drinking alcohol and the government should ban it.

Cary A. Nation leader of WCTU Prohibition

Utopianism Live together in faith centered communities away from the rest of the world Live together in faith centered communities away from the rest of the world Equality among all people Equality among all people Some refrained from marriage and family Some refrained from marriage and family Ex: Shakers Ex: Shakers

Modern Example: Amish

Workers’ Rights US is becoming increasingly industrialized in 1800s US is becoming increasingly industrialized in 1800s Workers were angered by mistreatment from business owners Workers were angered by mistreatment from business owners Demands Demands Shorter work days/ weekShorter work days/ week Better wagesBetter wages Safer working conditionsSafer working conditions Ban on child laborBan on child labor Right to form unions and strikeRight to form unions and strike

The Pullman Strike 1894

Improving and Expanding Education Opening public schools for all! Opening public schools for all! More colleges and universities More colleges and universities Horace Mann “ Father of Public Education ”

Improvement of prisons and treatment of disabled Sought more humane treatment for prisoners and disabled Sought more humane treatment for prisoners and disabled Dorthea Dix crusaded for better treatment of the mentally ill and handicapped Dorthea Dix crusaded for better treatment of the mentally ill and handicapped

Women’s Rights Or the lack thereof… Or the lack thereof… Women could not in most statesWomen could not in most states Own property (if married) Own property (if married) Divorce without husband ’ s AND sometimes the state government ’ s permission Divorce without husband ’ s AND sometimes the state government ’ s permission Share guardianship of children Share guardianship of children Be accepted into most colleges Be accepted into most colleges Expect to be paid as much as men for the same job Expect to be paid as much as men for the same job Vote Vote Sit on Juries Sit on Juries File a lawsuit File a lawsuit Testify in court Testify in court Expect court protection against domestic violence Expect court protection against domestic violence

Concluding Questions How did the people in these movements seek to improve the country/world? How did the people in these movements seek to improve the country/world? Why did the utopians try to remove themselves from the rest of the world? Why did the utopians try to remove themselves from the rest of the world? What are some social movements today that try to reform the world? What are some social movements today that try to reform the world? How are they similar/different from those of the past? How are they similar/different from those of the past?