The Cell and Its Structures By: Owen, Reid, Dani, Damion, and Abbie

Topic Questions 1. Describe in detail, three differences between single and multi cellular organisms? Similarities: A) The ability to obtain their own food B) The ability to move C) The ability to carry out other function essential for life Differences: A) One cell versus multiple cells B) Multiple cells fit together like bricks C)Multi cellular organisms need more food. Energy, and produce more wastes D)Multi celled organisms’ cells repeatedly divide E)Single celled organisms make their own food. 2. Describe, in detail, three differences and three similarities between plant and animal cells? Similarities: A) Each cell has a cell membrane: surrounds and protects the contents and helps control movement of substances in and out of the cell.

Cntd. B) Both have cytoplasm; a jelly like substance that constantly moves inside the cell and distributes oxygen and food. It also helps support the parts inside the cell. C) Both have nucleus; controls the cells activities, contains chromosomes; genetic material that controls a cell’s a growth and reproduction. The nucleus is surrounded by a nuclear membrane that controls what enters and leaves the nucleus. D) They both obtain materials and energy. E) They both get rid of wastes. F) They are both composed of organelles. Differences: A) Only plant cell’s have cell walls. B) Only plant cells have chloroplasts, structures in which photosynthesis occurs. C) Vacuoles which are balloon like storage places for surplus food, wastes, and other substances that the cell cannot use right way are smaller and fewer in animal cells. D) Plant cells tend to be bigger than animal cells.

Cntd. 3. How can I describe the role of the cell in a living organism? The cell’s role is to obtain materials such as oxygen, water, and food products and supplies of energy, makes products and gets rid of waste. The only way to get materials in and out s through the cell membrane, so larger organisms are multi cellular so it is easier to make the exchange of taking in food and water products and getting rid of wastes ( described on slide 19). 4. How can I show how different organisms fulfill the same vital functions? I can show this because a human and a flower are living organisms and they both fulfill these vital functions. They need energy: Human: We get energy from food. Mitochondria in the cells break down food particles for energy, muscle cells have more mitochondria because they need more energy and only animals have muscles. We need energy to grow, to move, to live and to reproduce.

Cntd. Flower: Energy comes from the sun to make food,photosynthesis, in chloroplasts. They need energy to grow, to live and to reproduce. They grow: Human: by creating more cells instead of having bigger cells and let the cells break apart to create more cells. Flower: By creating more cells instead of having bigger cells and let the cells break apart to create more cells. They produce wastes: Human: Taking in food and water, passing it through our systems and allowing it to exit. Products enter then exit through the cell membrane and some are stored in the cytoplasm. Flower: Taking in carbon dioxide and emitting oxygen. Products enter then exit through the cell membrane and some are stored in the cytoplasm.

Cntd. They respond and adapt to their environment: Human: Humans build structures to respond to their environment. Flower: Plants bend toward their light source (sunflower), they take on sizes and shapes and leaf exchanges. Ex. A cactus in a dessert. They reproduce: Human: By having babies. Flower: By allowing pollen and seeds to travel to other pants and then pollinate those plants.

Unicellular Single cellular is having one single cell in an organism.

Multi cellular Multi cellular is having many cells in an organism.

Nucleus The nucleus is a organelle in a cell that controls the cells activities.

cytoplasm Cytoplasm is a gel like substance within the cell membrane that contains and supports the structures of the cell.

Vacuoles Small balloon like spaces within the cytoplasm are storage places for surplus food, wastes and other substances that the cell cannot use right away. These are called vacuoles.

Cell Wall The Cell wall is one of two parts of the cell that only occur in the plant cells, fungi, and some unicellular organisms. Cell walls are much more thick and rigid than the cell membrane and are made mostly of tough material called cellulose. The cell wall provides support for the cell

Chloroplasts Chloroplasts are the structures in which photosynthesis takes place. So as you can see this is the second of the plant cells that only occur in plant cells, fungi cells, and some unicellular organisms. Photosynthesis uses energy from the sun to make carbohydrates. The folded membranes in each chloroplast contain a green pigment chlorophyll, which absorbs the sunlight.

Organelle An organelle is a structure inside a cell. An example of a structure would be the Nucleus This is an animal cell.

Cell Membrane A Cell Membrane is a structure that surrounds protects the cells contents, it allows certain materials to pass through (permeable).

Cellulose Cellulose is the tough material that cell walls are made of. Cellulose is found in plant cells fungi cells and certain unicellular organisms.

Cilia Cilia is short, hair like structures that some microscopic organisms use to gather food and to move.

Small, Smaller, Smallest Cells are measured in micrometres (um). The smallest cell of all is a bacterial cell that has a diameter of 1-5 micrometres across. Most cells of plants and animals have a diameter of micrometres across but most plant cells are bigger than animal cells (showed in figure 2.10 on pg. 126 in text).

Growing For organisms to grow the organisms add more cells. The organisms add more cells by having cells split apart and results in new cells so we just do not need bigger cells instead.

Staying Alive For cells to stay alive they need a constant supply of materials such as oxygen, water and food particles. They also need to get rid of wastes. For cells to stay alive they must take in materials, bring it to the middle and then take a waste product to the other side. So if the cell is smaller it is easier to make this exchange, and that is why multi celled organisms are not single celled or have many, many cell.

Credits Created By Owen, Reid, Dani, Damion, and Abbie And a Special Thanks To Ms. McDonald