Ch. 6 Key Issue #1 Where Are Religions Distributed? NOTES

Key Issue #1 – Where Are Religions Distributed? What is the difference between universalizing and ethnic religions? Universalizing – global, mass appeal, open to all, widely diffused (“evangelical”) Christianity Islam Buddhism Sikhism & Baha’I Ethnic – one exclusive ethnic group, limited diffusion, clustered distribution (non-evangelical) Hinduism Judaism Confucianism Daoism (Taoism) Shintoism Animism

Distribution of World Religions

Universalizing Religions Divide into branches, denominations, and Sects Branch – large fundamental division Denomination – division of a branch that unites many local congregations into administrative body Sect – small, break-away group from larger denomination

Christianity Branches - Denominations – (Protestant) (US/world) Roman Catholic (52%) Eastern Orthodox (10%) Protestant (21%) Smaller (22%) – Armenian, Coptic, Ethiopian Unaffiliated (5%) Denominations – (Protestant) (US/world) Baptist (35 million)/ 40 Methodist (12 million) Pentecostal (11 million) / 132 (Apostolic or Full Gospel) Lutheran (8 million) / 75 Mormon (5 million) / 10 Presbyterian (4 million) Episcopal/Anglican (2 million) / 70

Christianity in Europe

Christianity in the U.S.

Islam - 1.3 billion – 2nd largest, fastest growing 50% outside Middle East – Indonesia, Pakistan, Bangladesh, India Founded by prophet Muhammad – 700 A.D. Islam - “Submission to the will of God” Muslim – “one who surrenders to the will of God” Five Pillars (tenets) of Islam Slide #33

Branches of Islam Sunni (orthodox) – 83% Shiite / Shia (sectarian) – 16% - mostly in Iran, Azerbaijan, Pakistan, and Iraq Europe – 5% of population; result of immigration and guest worker programs – France & Germany U.S. and Canada – 5 million – “Nation of Islam” or Black Muslims; a sect led by Elijah Muhammad calling for a separatist movement Sect split in 1960s – Malcolm X converted to Sunniism – Organization of Afro-American Unity

Islamic branches, denominations and sects 1 Traditional branches 1.1 Sunni Islam 1.1.1 Schools of Fiqh (Law) 1.1.2 Schools of Aqidah (Belief) 1.2 Shi`a Islam 1.2.1 Twelver 1.2.2 Ismailism 1.2.3 Zaidi 1.3 Kharijite Islam 1.3.1 Ibadi 1.3.2 Sufri 2 Sufism 2.1 Qadiri 2.2 Bektashi 2.3 Chishti 2.4 Naqshbandi 2.5 Oveyssi 2.6 Suhrawardiyya 3 Other groups 3.1 Reformists 3.2 Heterodox groups 3.2.3 Nation of Islam 4 Related faiths 4.1 Bábism 4.2 Bahá'í Faith 4.3 Sikhism 4.4 Five Percenters 4.5 Nuwaubu

Distribution of Islamic denominations Traditional branches Distribution of Islamic denominations

Buddhism 400 million adherents – China and Southeast Asia # of adherents difficult to count; exclusivity not required Founded by Siddhartha Gautama – 500 B.C.E. Four Noble Truths – the path to enlightenment (Nirvana) 3 Branches Theravada – (38%)“little raft” – renounce material world Mahayana – (56%) “big raft” – life of compassion (Vajrayana) Tantrayana – (6%) – Tibet & Mongolia; Dalai Lama

Buddha & Pagodas (p. 188) "may you prosper and have good fortune." "Sawasdee Kha." = "Good Morning" or "Good Afternoon."

Ethnic Religions - Clustered distribution Hinduism – largest – 860 million – 3rd largest religion in the world; 90% in India, the rest in Nepal Branches Vaishnavism (Vishnu) – 68% - loving god incarnated as Krishna Sivaism (Siva) – 27% - protective and destructive god Shaktism (Shak) – female consorts of Vishnu and Siva Judaism everywhere (diaspora) 15 million – 1st monotheistic religion – Canaan – Palestine - Israel Confucianism in China Daoism (Taoism) China and Taiwan Tao te Ching – Lao Tze The Dao = “The Way” Ying and yang, Tai Chi, Feng Shui, acupuncture, The Tao of Pooh Shintoism in Japan – merged with Buddhism

Jewish Diaspora back