Turbojet engine (Rocket)‏ 1

Animation medium:- 3D Software :- No Idea Mention what will be your animation medium: 2D or 3D Mention the software to be used for animation development: JAVA, Flash, Blender, Shikav, Maya..etc 2

Title:- Turbojet engine and Ramjet Engine (Rocket) Subject :- Turbo machinery, Thermodynamics, Energy conversion systems (ECS)‏ Prepared By:- Chaitanya Tiwari (08310911)‏ 1 Title of the concept, subject. Name of the author 3

Jet Propulsion:- Propulsion of a body by the discharge of fluid is termed as jet propulsion. Jet engine is used to propel the body such as rocket, ship etc. Classification:- Turbojet Engine Ramjet Engine 2 Definitions of the keywords used in the animation 4

Principle of jet propulsion:- Jet is produced by combustion of fuel. The mixture of burnt fuel and compressed air exerts the thrust to the jet engine.

Turbojet engine:- It is the oldest type of jet engine. Brayton cycle is the basis for the Turbojet engine. It works on gas turbine. Jet is produced by combustion of fuel and appropriate oxidant carried by the engine.

Compressor turbine Combustion chamber Brayton cycle Fuel in Power Transfer It is Schematic representation of the Brayton cycle.

Diagram is brayton cycle, on which turbojet engine works Diagram is brayton cycle, on which turbojet engine works. It is a block diagram, but it will clearly illustrate the process. The corresponding T-s (Temperature - entropy) Diagram shown in next slide will clearly illustrate boundary Conditions .

P2=constant 3 P1=constant 2 4 1 Source:- http://www.grc.nasa.gov/WWW/K-12/airplane/Images/braytonts.gif

Working Principle of turbojet engine:- (1) The air is scooped from the front of the engine. (2) The air is then compressed into the compressor. (3) The compressed air is supplied to the combustion chamber. The fuel is supplied to the combustion chamber, which burns at high pressure and temperature. Continued

(4) The mixture is then expanded into the turbine, which is coupled with the compressor. The work produced by the turbine is used to run the compressor. (5) Then the fuel air mixture is allowed to expand into the nozzle at very high speed. The equivalent and opposite thrust force can be obtained.

Turbojet engine Fuel in Combustion chamber Air in Compressor Power Transfer turbine Nozzle Air out P decr, T decr P decr, T dec P,T increase P=const, T incr Thrust Turbojet engine

Main parts of the turbojet engine:- Compressor Combustion Chamber Turbine Nozzle

Compressor:- A compressor is a mechanical device, which increases the pressure of a gas by decreasing its volume. Dynamic type, multistage axial compressor is used mainly in the turbojet engine. Centrifugal type compressor, axial centrifugal compressor may also be used.

Multistage axial compressor:- An axial compressor is typically made up of many alternating rows of rotating and stationary blades called rotors and stators. Compressors with many blade rows are termed multistage compressors.

Schematic representation of an axial flow compressor Stator, blades attached are stationary blades (s)‏ First blade, stationary (inlet guide vane)‏ Rotor, Blades attached are rotary blades (R). Schematic representation of an axial flow compressor http://web.mit.edu/16.unified/www/FALL/thermodynamics/notes/node92.html

Combustion chamber :- Also known as combustor, Flame holder. This is a chamber where fuel is continuously burned in the compressed air. Pressure remains almost constant. Can type combustion chamber is mainly used in jet engines.

Can type combustion chamber A large no. of single burners are arranged in parallel circumferentially around the engine axis. Burners are linked up by interconnectors, that enable the flame to spread into the neighboring combustion chamber, thus igniting the fuel air mixture there.

Turbine:- Primary task of turbine in the jet engine is mainly to run the compressor. Axial type turbines is mainly used in the jet engine. Axial flow type turbine can be single stage or multi stage. Similar to the compressor it has stationary nozzle guide vanes followed by a set of rotating blades.

Analogies:- Rocket Aerodynamics Air craft propulsion Ship propulsion High speed vehicles Newton’s law Problem Statement :Describe examples/experiments/analogies through which you will explain (use bullets).

5 Problem statement :- To understand the working of turbojet engine. To understand the jet propulsion. 5 Problem statement: Stepwise description and illustrations (Add more slides if necessary)‏ 21

6 Clearly showing the inlet and outlet air and their movement. Forces, applicable during the process such as drag force, gravitational force, thrust force How pressures are acting outside the body of the jet. 6 List out user interactions that will be there to enhance the understanding of the concept in the animation. 22

7 Turbojet engine are based on which cycle? Brayton cycle What is the possible use of work produce in the turbine of the turbojet engine? Turbine is coupled with the compressor so produced work is used to run the compressor. So only that part of thermal energy should be converted into work in the turbine which are necessary to run the compressor. 7 A small questionnaire with answers based on the concept. 23

Which equation is used to calculate the power produced in the jet engine? Momentum equation Write application of jet engines? Rocket , ship, missiles etc.

8 Engineering thermodynamics by P. K. Nag Turbines compressors and Fans by S M yahya http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turbojet#References http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramjet 8 Links for further reading/references 25