Intro to Mendelian Genetics Honors Biology

What is Genetics? The science that studies ___________. Heredity is passing of characteristics from parent to offspring. Heredity

The Father of Genetics: ____________ was an Austrian monk that was born in In the monastery, he studied genetic ______ and gave us a basic understanding of _______ and how they work. Gregor Mendel traits genes

Mendel’s experiments were designed by using ____________ in the monastery garden Pea plants have both ___________ and __________ parts pea plants male female

Pea plant transfer _______ (sperm) to the egg located in the _______ plant, resulting in ________ parent. Self-Pollination This is called ______________ pollen same one

____________ is the process of _________ the pollen (sperm) and egg. Fertilization uniting

Mendel’s Pea Experiments: Mendel started his experiments with peas that were _________________ = if allowed to _________________ they would produce ____________________ to themselves. true-breeding self pollinate offspring identical

Mendel’s Pea Experiment Mendel ____________________ making parts and ____________ from _______ plant. This allowed him to _____________ plants with ______________ characteristics and ________ the results apter11/11-1/images/MendelExperiment.gif removed pollen cross-breed added pollen another different study

A _____________________ is called a ____________ Mendel tested _________________ in peas. Pearson Education Inc,; Publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall specific characteristic trait 7 different traits

When Mendel crossed true- breeding (________) PLANTS with 2 ______________ traits: (EX: Tall crossed with short) PURE Contrasting

Mendel’s Pea Experiment ____ generation (_________) ____ generation (______= offspring) ___ generation P1 Parental F1 Filial F2

He always found the same pattern: 1.ONLY ______ trait ____________ in the ____generation BUT ___________ traits were found in ____ generation. The ________ trait __________ in a _________ ratio. one showed F1 Both F2 missing returned 3:1

It’s all about the patterns! Image modified from: dominance-using-a-monohybrid-cross

Mendel decided that there must be a pair of ___________ that ________each trait and that __________ must be able to _______ the other. factors control one factor hide

The factors Mendel referred to are now known as _______ that are carried on the _____________ _____________. genes homologous chromosome

A gene is a stretch of DNA or RNA that determines a certain trait. Genes can have two or more different CHOICES. An _______ is one of the choices for the gene. allele Example: Eye color

__________________ = An allele that ________ the presence of another allele __________________ = An allele that __________________ the presence of another allele Dominant hides Recessive is hidden by be-banished-from-biology

Dominant is represented by a ____________. Recessive is represented by a ____________. CAPITAL LETTER lowercase letter

How does the recessive trait skip a generation? P1 F1 F2 Meiosis The movement of ____________ in _________. Chromosomes

Remember Meiosis? _____________ chromosomes _________ during ANAPHASE I = _________________ homologous separate SEGREGATION Image modified from:

____ offspring __________ an allele for tallness from their _______ parent and an allele for shortness from their ________ parent. The F 1 plants ALL ___________ but are ___________ an allele for _____________ F1 received tall short LOOK TALL carrying short

What’s happening in F 1 CROSS? LAW OF ___________________ alleles are separated when the F 1 plants ______________ When these gametes recombined to make the F 2 generation, the _____________ trait _______________ in ¼ of the offspring SEGREGATION made gametes short reappears