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Replication, Transcription and Translation

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Presentation transcript:

DNA Structure DNA Replication RNA Transcription Translation

What is the function of DNA?

Stores all of the genetic information of an organism.

What is the base pairing rule?

A-T C-G

What three things make up a DNA nucleotide?

Deoxyribose Sugar, Phosphate, Nitrogen Base

What are two names for the shape of DNA?

Double Helix, Twisted Ladder, Spiral Staircase

What determines the traits the traits of an organism?

The sequence of nitrogen bases in DNA.

What is the first step in DNA replication?

The enzyme Helicase unzips the strand of DNA (breaks hydrogen bonds)

What happens during DNA replication?

The DNA strand is copied

What is the function of DNA polymerase?

It adds bases to the new DNA strand

If the DNA strand reads: 3’ ACGTTCC 5’ What will the complimentary strand look like?

5’TGCAAGG 3’

Why is replication called semi- conservative?

Half of the original strand is conserved or saved, half is new.

What is the name of the sugar in RNA?

Ribose

Describe the base-pairs found in RNA

A-U C-G

What is the role of messenger RNA?

It leaves the nucleus and takes the code to the ribosome.

Compare and Contrast DNA and RNA Name two similarities and two differences

DNA and RNA both are nucleic acids, have phosphate and sugar, and have nitrogen bases. RNA is single stranded, can leave the nucleus, contains uracil instead of thymine, and has the sugar ribose.

What are the three types of RNA?

mRNA, tRNA, rRNA

What happens during transcription?

mRNA is made from a DNA template

Where does transcription occur in the cell?

The nucleus

If a DNA strand reads: 3’ ATTAGCA 5’ What will the complimentary mRNA strand look like?

5’ UAAUCGU 3’

What is the function of RNA polymerase during transcription?

It unzips the DNA helix and adds RNA bases to the strand.

What are the three steps in transcription?

Initiation, Elongation, Termination

Where does translation occur in the cell?

In the cytoplasm at the ribosome.

What is a codon?

A group of three nitrogen bases in mRNA.

What are the building blocks of proteins?

Amino Acids

What is the function of tRNA in translation?

It brings the correct amino acids to the ribosome for protein synthesis.

What amino acid does CCU code for?

Proline

If a DNA strand reads TACAAAGCATCGATT, What will the sequence of amino acids be in the protein?

Methionine (START), Phenylalanine, Arginine, Serine, STOP