Origins of the Renaissance AP European History Androstic
The origins of the Renaissance. Means “rebirth” Roman and Greek influence About Origins: Italian city- states
How was the Renaissance culture a change from the late Middle Ages?
Why did the Renaissance begin in Italy? Proximity to Roman culture access to classical literature and art Economic factors Growth of middle class
The characteristics of Italian city-states: No king Wall city and surrounding countryside Centers for trade Merchant oligarchies
Florence: Most influential city-state Medici family Dense population of artists and authors Medici’s supported the arts
What problems might arise from the organization of city-states rather than under a strong central government that ruled over a large area? What advantages may come from city- states instead of a strong national government and unification of all of Italy?
Additional Characteristics: Secularization Individualism Moral, political and civic philosophy Humanism Realism in artwork
Secularization Decline in church’s prestige Greater appreciation for earthly beauty Human talents developed
Individualism City-states paralleled individualism Appreciation for individual accomplishments Secularization leads to individualism Civic responsibility leads to individualism
How are these characteristics “modern”? How are they antiquated?
In this era of rebirth, new philosophies and attitudes evolved in the field of politics. Perhaps the most well-known and controversial thinker was Niccolo Machiavelli.
Niccolo Machiavelli’s The Prince. Florentine – written for Lorenzo de Medici Handbook for rulers Separated theology from politics
Machiavelli wrote… “A prince never lacks legitimate reasons to break his promise.” “A wise ruler ought never to keep faith when by doing so it would be against his interests.” “He who wishes to be obeyed must know how to command.”
Consider: Is it better to be feared or loved?
Humanism in the Renaissance. intellectual movement study of classical literary works Application of Greek and Roman values. The “humanities” also studied
Humanism inspired the following: Schools and education New literary works New artwork (architecture, painting, sculpting) Increased civic participation Secular appreciation
Humanist philosophers: Francesco Petrarca, or Petrarch ( ): “father of humanism” Collected works of Latin Wrote in both Latin and Italian languages
Castiglione’s The Book of the Courtier: Guide for aristocrats Outlined characteristics of a courtier Highlighted by etiquette training
Can the concepts outlined by Machiavelli and Castiglione be applied simultaneously in Renaissance Italy? Why/why not?
Humanist philosophers: Lorenzo Valla ( ): Gifted writer and scholar of classical Latin Studied characteristics of Latin across centuries Donation of Constantine a hoax
What are the pros and cons of writing in Latin (the humanist’s preference) rather than writing in the vernacular?
Why did the Renaissance disappear? Nation states Too easygoing? Fighting over city-states Division among city-states
Tonight, as you are reading the primary sources (pages 5-9), please respond to the following on loose notebook: “Why does Machiavelli recommend a prince be able to break away from honorable qualities?”