The Iraq Wars Theo Farrell, CSI Lecture 5, 2011.

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
Iraq Sometimes the enemy of our enemy is still our enemy.
Advertisements

INTERNATIONAL LAW THE USE OF FORCE. THE PROHIBITION OF FORCE: Art 2 t 3. All Members shall settle their international disputes by peaceful means in such.
Listen to the different plans for peace in Palestine. Which one do you think is best? Tell me the plan and explain why you like it. 1 What will we learn.
Activity: Persian Gulf War
DESERT SHIELD and DESERT STORM
BELLWORK How did Saddam justify his invasion of Kuwait?
Why does Iraq pose a threat to international security ?
The Impact of Oil and Middle East Wars Lesson 20.
Overview Understand the causes, outcome and impact of Operation Desert Storm Understand how military aviation and national defense strategy fundamental.
Gulf War by Jack Hope. The Players Kuwait (invaded and occupied August 2, February 27, 1991) Iraq –Saddam Hussein (Iraqi President) Palestine.
Iraqi Wars.
Amanda Alvarado, Sabrina Nunez, Cortney Mitchell, and Jonah Rodriguez The Gulf War.
Iraq Timeline March - Iraq attacks Kurdish town of Halabjah with poison gas, killing thousands Iraq invades Kuwait, prompting what.
3.2. Applying the Models The Leader Model The Group Model The Rational Actor Model The Bureaucratic Politics Model.
Persian Gulf War/ War in Iraq. Who is Saddam Hussein? Name means “one who confronts” 5 th President of Iraq Hated Kuwait for their wealth and oil rights.
The Persian Gulf War & U.S. Involvement Information from Fact Monster Pictures from Wikipedia.
I. Background A. Saddam Hussein led Iraq through a war with Iran during the 1980’s and had huge war debts to pay. B. He also claimed oil- rich Kuwait.
In Persian Gulf, Afghanistan, & Iraq. Standards SS7H2 The student will analyze continuity and change in Southwest Asia (Middle East) leading to the 21st.
Middle East Wars SS7H2 The student will analyze continuity and change in Southwest Asia (Middle East) leading to the 21st century.. c. Describe how land.
US CONFLICTS IN THE MIDDLE EAST (1991- Present)
Post 9/11 World Unit 1 Lesson 3.
Airpower Through The Post Cold War. Overview  Background to the Conflict  Iraqi threats  The Plan of Attack  Concept of Operations  Five Strategic.
American National Security Policy 1 The Bush (l) Administration
It happened when an lraq leader, Sadden Hussein, wanted to take over the Kuwait’s oil fields. He did this because Iraq was near bankruptcy so they needed.
Please do the following: Get to your seat A.S.A.P!!! Get a notebook/Pencil ready to go Put all other work away. Turn off all electronic devises Thank You.
1st Persian Gulf War On August 2, 1990, Iraqi president, Saddam Hussein, ordered his army to invade Kuwait. At the time Kuwait produced over ten percent.
ALYSSA HASEGAWA HEY-RIM YOO Case Study Iraq 2003.
Iraq War – the 1990s August 2, Iraq invades Kuwait August 6, UN imposes economic sanctions Nov 29, UN sets Jan 1991 deadline for Iraq.
History of the Middle East “The Extras”. The Arab League Definition: an organization of 22 Middle Eastern and African nations where Arabic is the spoken.
US AND MID EAST Why are we so involved in the Middle East?
TIME-LINE IRAQ.  Aug. 2 nd 1990, Iraq invades Kuwait  Aug 7 th 1990 US mobilizes Desert Shield  Aug. 9 th 1990 US Arrives in Saudi Arabia  NOV. 29.
The Persian Gulf Conflict: Operation Desert Storm.
2003 Invasion of Iraq. The Beginning … UN imposed sanctions of Iraq after the invasion and annexation of Kuwait had not completely stopped Saddam Hussein’s.
BELLWORK 1.How did Saddam justify his invasion of Kuwait? 2.Describe the Desert Storm campaign. How was it fought? Different stages? 3.Using three specific.
PERSIAN GULF WAR (OPERATION DESERT STORM) In August 1990, Iraq invaded Kuwait in order to control their large supplies of oil. Saddam Hussein, Iraq’s leader,
Why did the US oppose Iraq invading Kuwait?. Conflicts in the Middle East.
U.S. Involvement in Iraq. Operation Desert Storm August 1990 Iraq invades Kuwait August 1990 Iraq invades Kuwait Gave Jan. 15, 1991 deadline to withdrew.
Middle East Wars. Who consumes the most oil? 1991-Persian Gulf War Iraq led by Saddam Hussein invaded Kuwait in 1990 in an effort to control Kuwait’s.
Iraq. Iraq has a long history of internal and external conflicts. During the cold war, the U.S. and Soviet Union competed for influence in the oil- rich.
Canada and the United Nations Persian Gulf War ( ) Presented by Kohun, Riley and Justine.
 Saddam Hussein declared that the invasion was a response to overproduction of oil in Kuwait  Hussein claims this overproduction of oil had cost Iraq.
United States Involvement in the Middle East. Iraq-Iran War First Persian Gulf War Iraq invaded__________in _________________ following a long history.
Persian Gulf War Mr. Chojnacki US II. Background  US, USSR, and China began shipping weapons to Iraq in the 1980’s Help w/ war against Iran  Rumored.
President Says Saddam Hussein Must Leave Iraq Within 48 Hours March 17, 2003 Jennifer Willis.
The Impact of Oil and Middle East Wars Lesson 20.
LG211: America and the Wider World The end of the West? – Iraq and the Transatlantic divide.
Who am I?. The Persian Gulf War Suddam Hussein  Launched his political career when he assassinated the Iraqi PM supporter.  Rose through the.
By: Drew, Jacob, and Nilas. How It Started:  On July 17, 1990, Iraqi leader Saddam Hussein accused Kuwait and the United Arab Emirates of flooding the.
George H.W. Bush Today’s Objective  After today’s lesson, students will be able to…  Examine H.W. Bush’s presidency and discuss his legacy.
Conservative Resurgence and the end of the Cold War Chapter 23.
“DESERT STORM” PERSIAN GULF WAR ( ).
History 102SY The United States and the Middle East 1900 to the Present.
■Essential Question ■Essential Question: –What were the causes & effects of the Persian Gulf War? ■Warm-Up Question: –What are some of the reasons why.
Why are we so involved in the Middle East?
Iraq’s Long History of Conflict
Persian Gulf War January 16th – February 28th 1991
Persian Gulf War (Operation Desert Storm)
Armed conflict in the post -Cold War ‘New World Order’
Modern Middle East.
Standards SS7H2 The student will analyze continuity and change in Southwest Asia (Middle East) leading to the 21st century. d. Explain U.S. presence and.
United States presence in SW Asia: Iran, Persian Gulf Conflicts, Afghanistan & Iraq
The Persian Gulf War & U.S. Involvement
Cold War Conflicts Suez Canal to Gulf War.
9/11 – Invasion of Iraq 2003 – present
Modern Middle East.
The First Gulf War,
Conservative Resurgence and the end of the Cold War
Southwest Asia Wars 1st Period.
Modern Middle East.
Write a summary paragraph including the following information
Presentation transcript:

The Iraq Wars Theo Farrell, CSI Lecture 5, 2011

Gulf War: timeline  Bill from Iraq to Kuwait for $24.5 b (16 July 1990)  Invasion of Kuwait (2 August 1990)  UNSCR 660 demanding unconditional withdrawal  UNSCR 678 (29 Nov) authorising use of “all necessary means” and requiring Iraq withdrawal by 15 January 1991

Gulf War: timeline  Bill from Iraq to Kuwait for $24.5 b (16 July 1990)  Invasion of Kuwait (2 August 1990)  UNSCR 660 demanding unconditional withdrawal  UNSCR 678 (29 Nov) authorising use of “all necessary means” and requiring Iraq withdrawal by 15 January 1991

Campaign phases 1. Op Desert Shield: build-up of defensive force (8 Aug – early Nov 1990) 2. Build-up of offensive force (8 Nov – 16 Jan 1991) 3. Op Desert Storm: air offensive (17 Jan – 23 Feb) 4. Op Desert Sabre: ground offensive (24 – 27 Feb).

CoalitionIraq Force size950,00550,00 War dead> ,000

Air campaign 1800 planes 6 carriers 43 days ‘tank plinking’

Attrition of Iraqi forces in KTO (% destroyed) IraqiAir campaignWar total Tanks3976 APCs3255 Artillery4790

Key questions 1. Why did Saddam invade Kuwait? 2. Why did the US fail to deter Iraq? 3. Was war necessary?

Key questions 1. Why did Saddam invade Kuwait? 2. Why did the US fail to deter Iraq? 3. Was war necessary?

Why invade?  Impasse with Iran  Economic crisis in Iraq  End of Cold War  Dispute with Kuwait  Assumption of US impotence

Was war necessary?  Did Bush “go the extra mile” for piece?  Saddam responded vaguely to proposals by ME states (22 Sept), Soviets (5 Oct), France (10 Oct), Ed Heath (21 Oct), and Soviets again (19 Feb)  Giving sanctions more time? Debate in Congress. Vote for war (12 Jan) – Senate 52/47 (House 250/183).

Why stop after 100 hours?

UNSCR 687 (3 April 1991) Articles 8-10:  Iraq to get rid of chemical and biological weapons  Not to develop nuclear weapons  Not to acquire ballistic missiles with range over 150km

Containing Saddam  Sanctions regime  No fly zones

Road to war in 2003  UNSC 687 (April 1991)  UNSCOM destroy Iraq’s poison gas stockpile ( )  Defection of head of Iraq’s WMD programme (1995) reveals Iraqi deception

Road to war (continued) collapse of UNSCOM process (1997) US/UK bombing (1998) Failure of UN sanctions  materially: up to $3 b stolen annually from oil for food  morally: half million killed

Cost of sanctions regime

From 9/11 to Iraq War  Freedman: “worse-case analysis gained a new credibility”  the logic of prevention – Rice: “we don’t want the smoking gun to be a mushroom cloud.”  Neocons “hijack” US foreign policy – emphasise 3 Ms: moral certainty, military unilateralism and the Middle East

Iraq and Al Qaeda? CIA’s Oct 2002 NIE downplays connection Bush before Congress vote (Oct 8): “Share a common enemy” and “have had high- level contacts that go back a decade.” Also “Iraq has trained al-Qaeda members in bombing- making and poisons and deadly gasses.”

Iraq and Al Qaeda? Public ignorance (Jan/Sept 2003):  9/11 hijackers were Iraqi: 44%  Saddam behind 9/11 attacks: 32%  Iraq gave support to al-Qaeda: 51%

The case for war “The threat from Iraq stands alone because it gathers the most serious dangers of our age in our place” WMD Murderous tyrant Tried to dominate Middle East Unrelenting hostility towards US President Bush speech at Cincinnati, Ohio (Oct 2002)

Iraqi WMD “Iraq has continued its WMA programs in defiance of UN resolutions and restrictions. Baghdad has chemical and biological weapons as well as missiles with ranges in excess of UN restrictions; if left unchecked, it probably will have a nuclear weapon during this decade.” CIA report, October 2002

Legal case for war  678: carte blanche for US war  687: imposes cease-fire conditions  who determines ‘material breach’ and what are the implications?  1441: recognises ‘material breach’ but does not authorise use of force

Legal case for war  678: carte blanche for US war  687: imposes cease-fire conditions  who determines ‘material breach’ and what are the implications?  1441: recognises ‘material breach’ but does not authorise use of force

Balance of forces Coalition  116,000 (US), 25,000 (UK)  V Corps (US Army): 3 Mech, 4ID, 101, 82  1 MEF (USMC): 1 Div, TF Tarawa, UK 1 Arm Div Iraqi  350,000  20+ divisions  2,000 tanks, 3,700 Avs, 2,400 artillery, 300 aircraft

Petraeus takes charge (Jan. 2007)