Cold to Hot War Unit 6 Lesson 2

Objectives To compare Keynesian and Supply-Side Economic theories. To evaluate successes and failures of the Reagan, Clinton, and Bush economic plans Analyze how the conservative and moderate agendas of the 80’s and 90’s affected domestic policy. Examine the impeachment of Pres Clinton. Identify Cold War enemies and tactics employed to defeat them. Explain how a new breed of foreign events preoccupied the Clinton administration.

Big Ideas: 1. Reagan took a hard line against Communism, greatly increasing defense spending. 2. George HW Bush achieved success in foreign policy, benefiting from changes in the Communist world and a successful Persian Gulf War.

What do you already know? Many of your Oral Histories cover events that we are going to discuss today. I encourage you to identify what you already know about them.

Cold Warrior Cold War o Competition w/USSR for world power and influence, Evil Empire o “Peace thru strength” # in forces $1.5 trillion Arms race

Strategic Defense Initiative “Star Wars” o Space-based weapons detection & destruction system. o $30 billion o “Fatally Flawed”

Reagan Doctrine 1986 Help “freedom fighters” oppose Communism worldwide.

Foreign Action Under Reagan Terrorism o Attacks on US soldiers in Beirut, Lebanon and Berlin, GRM o Sponsored by Libya (M. Gaddafi) Afghanistan o US arms “Mujahideen” after Soviet invasion Latin America El Salvador – Military & econ support to anti-communist groups Grenada – US troops put down Cuban sponsored coup of PM

American Intervention Since 1980 Activity

Iran-Contra Affair Nicaragua – o Carter supported Sandinistas o Reagan trains Contra rebels o Congress stops $ aid (Reagan ignores) o Iran-Contra Affair (‘86): Iran-Contra Affair (‘86): Sell missiles to Iran for release of hostages in Lebanon. Secretly & illegally send $ to support Contras. “Teflon” President escapes fault, Ollie North & others take fall.

Changing Communist Bloc Mikhail Gorbachev o Glasnost o Perestroika Meetings o Geneva 1985 o DC 1987 INF Treaty Tensions thaw

Bush and the Bloc “Iron Curtain” falls 1989 o Polish Solidarity Mvmt o Czech’s Velvet Revolution o Hungary, Romania, Bulgaria o Fall Berlin Wall 11/9/89 Reunification 1990 Anti-Com protests don’t go so well in Tiananmen Square, China!

Bush and the USSR Dissolution of the USSR o Gorby resigns after Aug coup (12/91) o Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) Boris Yeltsin - Russian Pres o Arms reduction talks START o US sole superpower!

Persian Gulf War (90-91) Aug – Iraq Invades Kuwait o Claim territory o Needed oil $ to pay debts on war w/Iran US Concerns o Oil reserves ($ in US) o Security Saudi Arabia (ally) o Pursuit WMD

Persian Gulf War (90-91) Operation Desert ShieldOperation Desert Storm Aug 8 - US troops to Saudi Arabia Nov 29 – UN Resolution Colin Powell o Air Strikes Jan ‘91 Norman Schwarzkopf o Ground Offensive Feb ‘91 6 Week UN/US Victory Saddam Hussein left in power Burn oil wells = high $$$ &feature=related

Unclear Enemy, Unclear Policy Clinton o Econ aid to Russia o End apartheid in S.Africa C onfusion : o Somalia – US troops killed in UN relief effort o Rwanda – Genocide o Yugoslavia (Bosnia/Kosovo) – Ethnic cleansing non- Serbs o Israel & Palestine, N.Ireland – Religious & poly differences o Haiti – US troops to restore Aristide bNocQORWQ8

Closure What factors contributed to the end of the Cold War? Soviet economic hardship, costly arms race, Gorby’s reforms, collapse of Communist Bloc (E.Euro nations), reunification of Germany, dissolution USSR

Homework Find and identify each of the countries identified in the notes on a world map Color them in according to which President was involved