+ Becoming a Public Speaker Chapter One

+ Why Study Public Speaking Public Speaking can… Advance ______________________ Accomplish _____________________ Enhance your __________________________ Explore and Share ______________________________ Hone _________________ and _______________________ Top Personal Qualities/Skills Rated by Employers 1. ______________________ 2. Honesty/Integrity 3. ________________________ 4. Motivation/Initiative 5. Strong Work Ethic 6. _________________________

+ “Clear Communication is Critical to Success. In the marketplace of ideas, the person who communicates clearly is also the person who is seen as thinking clearly. Oral and written communication are not only job-securing, but job- holding skills.” -Quote from “What Students Must Know to Succeed in the Twenty-first Century”

+ The Classical Roots of Public Speaking The practice of Oratory, also called ____________, emerged full force in Greece in the 5 th century B.C. and referred to making effective speeches, particularly those of a __________ ____________. The ancient city-state of Athens was the first recorded ______ ___________ and was governed by property holding males. The Athenians believed that citizenship demanded active participation in public affairs, a principle that endures to this day, and they demonstrated their involvement through oratory in a public place called the _______. Which was later called a _____, and today is referred to as a _______________.

+ Classical Terms and the canons of Rhetoric Three types of speech defined by the Greeks 1. ___________________: Legal Speeches 2. ___________________: Political Speeches (Political contexts) 3. ___________________: Ceremonial Speeches (Special Occasions) The Five Canons of Rhetoric 1. ___________: the ______________ of speech information to the audience in order to make your case 2. ___________: the _____________ of the speech in ways that are best suited to the topic and the audience. 3. ____________: the way the speaker uses ____________to express the speech ideas. 4. ____________: the practice of the speech until it can be ___________ delivered 5. ____________: the vocal and nonverbal behavior you use when speaking

+ Public Speaking as a Form of Communication Four Categories 1. ___________________: a form of communication between two people, as in a conversation. 2. _________________________: involves a small number of people who can see and speak directly with one another. 3. _________________________: occurs between a speaker and a large audience of unknown people. The receivers of the message are not present with the speaker, or are part of such an immense crowd that there can be little or no interaction between speaker and listener. Ex: Television/radio news broadcasts or mass rallies 4. ____________________________: when a speaker delivers a message with a specific purpose to an audience of people who are present during the delivery of the speech. It always includes a speaker who has a reason for speaking, an audience that gives the speaker attention, and a message that is meant to accomplish a specific purpose.

+ Public Speaking and the Communication Process The Communication Process Model

+ Elements of Communication 1. The Source i. The __________: or ______________, is the person who __________a message and __________ it to a receiver. ii. ______________: the process of ___________the message, choosing words and sentence structure, and verbalizing the message. 2. The Receiver i. The ____________: or _____________, is the recipient of the source’s message. ii. ________________: the process of interpreting the message iii. ________________: the audience’s response to a message, can be conveyed both verbally or nonverbally. 3. The Message i. The ____________________: is the content of the communication process: Thoughts and ideas put into meaningful expressions. ii. ________________________: happens when audience members misinterpret the speaker’s intended message, or when the speaker misreads audience feedback. 4. The Channel i. The __________: The medium through which the speaker sends a message. ii. ______________: is any interference with the message. IT can be physical (slamming a door) or psychological distractions (heated emotions).

+ Elements of Communication 1. Shared meaning i. _________________: The mutual understanding of a message between speaker and audience. 2. Context and the rhetorical situation i. _________________: includes anything that influences the speaker, the audience or the occasion, and ultimately, the message itself. ii. __________________: or circumstance that calls for a public response. 3. Goals 4. Outcome

+ Learning to Speak in Public Draw on Familiar Skills Conversation and Public Speaking Speaking and Writing Recognize Public Speaking’s Unique requirements Become a Culturally Sensitive Speaker __________________: The language, beliefs, values, norms, behaviors, and even material objects that are passed from one generation to the next-touches almost every aspect of who and what we are. ___________________: The belief that the ways of our own culture are superior to those of other cultures. ___________________: means to assess cultural values, avid stereotypes, and refrain from hate speech.