CURRENT ISSUES: DRUGS

ROLE OF DRUGS Lesson Essential Question: How does drug dependency lead to violent crimes?

Types of Drugs Depressants: Drugs that act on the central nervous system and slow down brain activity. Impaired co-ordination, balance and judgment are common. Higher doses can lead progressively to drowsiness, vomiting, coma and even death. Examples: Volatile substances or sniffable substances (eg glues, gases, aerosols) Examples: Volatile substances or sniffable substances (eg glues, gases, aerosols) Alcohol Tranquillisers GHB (Gamma hydroxy-butyrate)

Types of Drugs Stimulants Drugs that act on the central nervous system and increase brain activity. Some give feelings of alertness, greater energy and confidence. They may also reduce appetite, leading to hunger when the drug's effects have worn off, and tiredness or exhaustion if there has been a long period of activity. Cocaine Crack Ecstasy Alkyl Nitrites Amphetamines Nicotine

Types of Drugs Hallucinogens Drugs that act to change the way users experience the world through the five senses. Sometimes this involves seeing, and hearing things which aren't there. Cannabis LSD Magic mushrooms Ketamine

Types of Drugs Analgesics Drugs that have a painkilling effect. Heroin (and other opiates/opioids)

Types of Drugs Anabolic steroids Drugs that promote muscle growth and increase lean body mass. These drugs mostly have legitimate medical uses and are often misused by those wishing to enhance their athletic performance or strength. Anabolic steroids

Drug Schedules Drug schedules are used to categorize types of drugs. Being caught with a schedule 1 drug will result in stronger punishment than other schedules. SCHEDULE I: Substance has a high potential for abuse, has no medical use in the U.S. Has a lack of accepted safety for use under medical supervision.Examples: Heroin, LSD, PCP

Drug Schedules SCHEDULE II: Substance has a high potential for abuse Has a currently accepted medical use in the U.S. with severe restrictions, and abuse may lead to severe psychological or physical dependence Examples: Codeine, Morphine, Percocet

Drug Schedules SCHEDULE III: Substance has a potential for abuse (less than Schedule I or II) Has currently accepted medical use in the U.S., and may lead to moderate or low physical dependence or high psychological dependence Examples: Anabolic steroids, testosterone, vicodin

Drug Schedules SCHEDULE IV: Substance has a low potential for abuse as compared to Schedule III Has currently accepted medical use in the U.S., and abuse may lead to limited physical andpsychological dependence Examples: Valium, Xanax

Drug Schedules SCHEDULE V: Substance has a low potential for abuse as compared to Schedule IV Has currently accepted medial use in the U.S., and abuse has a narrow scope for physical and psychological dependence Examples: Robitussin A-C ( with Codeine), Pediacof

Gateway Drugs Gateway drugs" is a term for drugs that supposedly lead to abuse of other substances. Marijuana, for instance, is considered by some to be a gateway to harder drugs. Basically, this concept says that if you abuse drugs like marijuana you will be more likely to be open to the use of harder drugs like cocaine and heroin

Gateway Drugs Whether there is such a thing as a gateway drug is still very controversial. Critics of the idea note that even if people who use cocaine started with marijuana, it is not clear that the marijuana use caused or encouraged the cocaine use: The person may simply have encountered marijuana first, and/or is the sort of person more inclined than others to experiment with a variety of illegal drugs. Fewer than one percent of marijuana users go on to become cocaine addicts. What is known is that long-term use of marijuana can produce changes in the brain comparable to that seen after long-term use of other major drugs of abuse such as cocaine, heroin, and alcohol.

PET scans show long-term changes in glucose metabolism in the brain of a marijuana abuser, compared to that of a normal brain.

Role of Drugs Drugs can lead to violent crimes for a variety of reasons including: ◦ Individuals who are involved in drug trade may cause violence during drug deals or because of deals gone bad ◦ Individuals who are addicted to drugs may commit crimes to support their habit, either to steal drugs or money to purchase drugs ◦ Individuals who are under the influence of drugs may commit crimes while high due to lack of inhibitions and reasoning skills

Vocabulary Addiction: the state of being enslaved to a habit or practice or to something that is psychologically or physically habit-forming, as narcotics, to such an extent that its cessation causes severe trauma. Narcotics: An addictive drug, such as opium, that reduces pain, alters mood and behavior, and usually induces sleep or stupor. Natural and synthetic narcotics are used in medicine to control pain.

Fighting Drugs Lesson Essential Question: What steps has the US taken to stop the drug supply?

Role of Government The U.S. Government has been working since 1880 to control the amount of drugs that enter this country. At that time they entered into an agreement with China that they would not ship opium into the U.S. The U.S. also prohibited the use of alcohol from The following slides give examples of more recent attempts to combat drug addiction.

War on Drugs The War on Drugs was started in 1971 by President Richard Nixon. During the 1960’s drug use became more main-stream among middle class whites, prompting Nixon to call drugs “public enemy number one” Goal is to decrease amount of drugs produced in the U.S., decrease amount of drugs brought in from outside the U.S., and therefore decrease the number of people using and abusing drugs

Zero-Tolerance Policy Attempt by President Clinton to crack down on sales of prescription drugs on the Internet Internet drug sales are often unregulated and are dangerous because drugs can be bought without a valid prescription Policy also sought to fund drug testing and treatment programs

National Drug Control Strategy Strategy introduced by George W. Bush with the goals of: ◦ Stopping abuse before it begins with education and community activism ◦ Healing current drug users with treatment resources ◦ Attacking the economic basis of the drug trade through border control, enforcement, and prosecution