PHYS 1110 Lecture 19 Professor Stephen Thornton November 8, 2012

Reading Quiz Which of the following represents pro- wind power? A) Countries are likely to fight over wind sources. B) Job creation in the short run. C) Good source of urban energy. D) Can do away with nuclear power. E) Can do away with fossil fuels.

Homework 4 due Tuesday, November 13, 2012.

Divide into groups and study Control mechanisms Wind farms Offshore wind farms Environmental concerns Safety Economics Look at Example 8-6. Only 127,000 wind turbines could provide all USA electricity.

Wind energy pros and cons

The scenario for having 20% Wind Energy in the United States by 2030.

Cumulative installed capacity of wind power capacity projected by The gradual increase of offshore capacity is indicated.

Which of the following is not a problem for wind power (that is a con)? A)Flicker B)Noise C)Property values D)Need wind farms E)Loss of income from cattle grazing.

Which of the following is not a problem for wind power (that is a con)? A)Flicker B)Noise C)Property values D)Need wind farms E)Loss of income from cattle grazing.

Which of the following is a good size for a wind turbine for a utility scale wind farm? A)4 kW B)40 kW C)400 kW D)4 MW E)40 MW

Which of the following is a good size for a wind turbine for a utility scale wind farm? A)4 kW B)40 kW C)400 kW D)4 MW E)40 MW

Who invented windmills? A)Americans B)Dutch or Persians C)Danes or Germans D)Perhaps the Egyptians E)Almost certainly the Chinese did after the time of the Roman empire.

Who invented windmills? A)Americans B)Dutch or Persians C)Danes or Germans D)Perhaps the Egyptians E)Almost certainly the Chinese did after the time of the Roman empire.

What is the SI unit of pressure? A)Atmosphere B)Bar C)Lbs/in 2 D)mm Hg E)Pascal

What is the SI unit of pressure? A)Atmosphere B)Bar C)Lbs/in 2 D)mm Hg E)Pascal

Which of the following is the best place for a wind turbine to produce energy on shore? A)Germany B)Spain C)Brazil D)Australia E)Midwestern United States

Which of the following is the best place for a wind turbine to produce energy on shore? A)Germany B)Spain C)Brazil D)Australia E)Midwestern United States

Which of the following is the best wind speed to produce energy with a wind turbine? A)4 m/s B)7 m/s C)10 m/s D)15 m/s

Which of the following is the best wind speed to produce energy with a wind turbine? A)4 m/s B)7 m/s C)10 m/s D)15 m/s – probably too high

What does a controller do in a wind turbine? A)Starts up the turbine B)Measures wind direction C)Keeps the turbine facing the wind D)Powers the yaw drive E)Stops the rotor in an emergency

What does a controller do in a wind turbine? A)Starts up the turbine B)Measures wind direction C)Keeps the turbine facing the wind D)Powers the yaw drive E)Stops the rotor in an emergency

Which countries have the most offshore wind turbines? A)Germany and Spain B)Germany and the United Kingdom C)The USA and the United Kingdom D)Australia and Denmark E) Denmark and France

Which countries have the most offshore wind turbines? A)Germany and Spain B)Germany and the United Kingdom C)The USA and the United Kingdom D)Australia and Denmark E) Denmark and France

Chapter 9 Other Renewable Sources of Energy. Geothermal Bioenergy (biomass, biofuel, biodiesel) Tidal Water/ocean: Hydrokinetic Ocean waves Ocean thermal Osmotic (seawater salinity)

Geothermal energy is a major supplier of electricity in Iceland, the Philippines, and El Salvador. Even the United States utilizes geothermal energy with major sources in California. The first geothermal electricity was produced in Italy in As we will see, however, the future of geothermal energy is not clear. It is renewable and sustainable, but there are not enough sources near urban areas, and the cost is still not competitive with fossil fuels.

Bioenergy has a promising future, both in burning biomass to produce electricity and in producing biofuel. The economics of bioenergy continue to improve. The issues are the competition between food, animal feed, electricity generation, and biofuels. The availability of water is significant.

Energy from our water, especially the ocean, may be significant and is under significant research and development. We will investigate the production of electricity utilizing oceans tides, called tidal energy, which has been available commercially since 1966 in France. We will discuss a variety of techniques that have been proposed and tested using ocean tides. It may be possible to produce energy from our rivers, called hydrokinetic energy, using water turbines that are similar to wind turbines. Energy from ocean waves is also under current investigation. We will learn there are several techniques to take advantage of ocean waves to produce electricity that have already been tested in pilot plants. There are even commercial wave energy plants in the UK and Spain.

Scientists and engineers also have proposed ocean thermal energy, which uses a heat engine between the warm surface ocean water and deeper cooler water to produce electricity. A number of pilot plants have been constructed as proof of concept, but we shall see that the cost of producing electricity is still too high. Finally, we will study the possibility of using the interface between fresh water from rivers flowing into the oceans containing salt to produce electricity by taking advantage of the salinity differences and osmosis. A couple of pilot plants have shown that osmotic energy is possible if the cost of producing better semi-permeable membranes can be reduced.