Asian Paths to Autonomy Chapter 36 Section 1. India’s Quest for a Homeland.

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Asian Paths to Autonomy Chapter 36 Section 1

India’s Quest for a Homeland

Source of Nationalism in India Indian National Congress (1885) Initial support from both Hindus and Muslims British encouraged development of Muslim League (1906) Woodrow Wilson’s self determination Lenin’s anti-imperialist views Mohandas Gandhi 3

Ghandi’s Passive Resistance Ahimsa: non-violence Satyagraha: passive resistance (“truth and firmness”) Non-cooperation Movement ( ) Civil Disobedience Movement (1930) Boycott of British Institutions Armritsar Massacre (1919) 4

The Government of India Act (1937) Creation of autonomous legislature ▫600 nominally sovereign princes refuse to cooperate Muslim fears of Hindu dominance ▫Traditional economic divide ▫Especially severe with Great Depression Muhammad Ali Jinnah ( ) proposes partition, creation of the State of Pakistan 5

The Republic of China Revolution in 1911 forces Emperor Puyi to abdicate Sun Yatsen ( ) proclaims Republic of China in 1912 Political anarchy follows Independent warlord exercise local control

Sun Yat-sen Revolutionary leader Founder of Kuamintang (KMT) Uniting figure in post-imperial China Formed fragile alliance with communists

Sources of Chinese Nationalism Anti-imperialist sentiments from the 19 th century May Fourth Movement Anti-Japanese feelings Guomindang – Nationalist People’s Party Chinese Communist Party founded in Shanghai (1921) ▫Leader: Mao Zedong ( )

Chinese Civil War Jiang Jieshi (Chiang Kai-Shek) Mao Zedong

Imperialist Japan Japan signs treaties under League of Nations to limit imperialist activity, Political chaos in interwar Japan, assassinations Militarist, imperialist circles advocate greater assertion of Japanese power in the region China a soft target Mukden Incident (1931)

Comparing India and China IndiaChina Nonviolent movement for home rule Anti-imperialist (British) Independence leads to internal conflict between Muslims and Hindus India Act Partition of India and Pakistan after independence Armed conflicts Anti-imperial (Manchu, Japanese, Europeans) Internal conflicts due to warlords, communists and nationalists Civil War – communist win

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