Gravity Chapter 3 Section 2.

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Presentation transcript:

Gravity Chapter 3 Section 2

Effects of Gravity Why does the apple fall down from the tree and not float around in space? All objects have forces of attraction between them this force of attraction is called gravity

Gravity is the force of attraction between objects and the Earth the amount of gravitational force between objects depends on their masses and the distance between them

Weight The force that is caused by gravity. The mass and the distance determine the weight.

Good test question Do you weigh more, less or the same on the moon compared to Earth?

The Third Law of Motion Chapter 3 Section 3

Newton’s Third Law Shooting a gun rowing a boat rocket propulsion ice skater pushing off

Newton’s third law of motion when one object exerts a force on a second object, the second one exerts a force on the first that is equal in size and opposite in direction to every action force there is an opposite and equal reaction force

How is this law different from the other two? Forces don’t cancel each other out even if they are equal and opposite. There are always two objects involved If forces are equal then how can a swimmer move through the water? Newton’s second law determines the acceleration of an object

The forces are equal, but the masses may not be the objects with less mass will accelerate more

Momentum Why is it harder to stop a loaded train car verses an unloaded train car? Why is it harder to stop a train car moving at 10 m/s verses a train car moving at 5 m/s?

Momentum is a property an object has due to its mass and velocity can be calculated by multiplying mass times velocity momentum = mass x velocity r = m x v units are kgm/s

Force & Changing Momentum How do you stop the baseball from stinging your hand as you catch it? Why to air bags work? Newton’s 2nd law says F=ma And So

Rearrange to have the equation Ft=m(vf-vi) or Ft=mΔv Where: Ft is called impulse So the impulse equals the change in momemtum

Momentum has direction momentum will change only if its mass or velocity changes momentum can be transferred from one object to another pool balls car crashes hockey players

Law of Conservation of Momentum The total amount of momentum of a system does not change unless an outside force acts on the system pool balls