Dr. Robert W. Fulton McCasland Foundation Endowed Chair for Food Animal Research Oklahoma State University Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus Variability and Prevalence of BVDV Subtypes in Persistently Infected Cattle Entering Feedlots: BVDV1b as Predominant Subtype

2% 62.7% BVDV1b BVDV1a BVDV2b BVDV2a BVDV Subgenotypes Dr. Julia Ridpath, USDA, ARS, NADC

BVDV PI studies: OSU with BVDV1b 1999 – PI calf in retained ownership program entering feedlot –SE US calves to feedlot :BRD 1999 study: PI calf, BVDV 1b, BRD disease Nasal swabs, PBL, lung isolates, BVDV1b Can J Vet Research, 2002, 66:

2005- Subtypes in Diagnostic Laboratory Accessions. Vet Microbiology, 2005, 111,35-40 Subtypes BVDV1b: 45.8% BVDV1a: 28.2% BVDV2a: 26.0% Categories of Disease : all subtypes involved Respiratory, digestive, mixed/multiple, abortions Persistent Infections BVDV PI studies: OSU with BVDV1b

BVDV Subtypes in PI Cattle in SW Kansas Feedlot: PI cattle: 0.4% 86/21,743 BVDV Subtype Percentage BVDV1a11.6 % BVDV1b77.9 % BVDV % JAVMA, 2006,228:

BVDV Subtypes in PI Cattle Entering SW Kansas Feedlot StudyBVDV1aBVDV1bBVDV2a (10) 11.6%(67) 77.9% (9) 10.5% (37) 11.6%(241) 75.8% (40) 12.6% 2007 Spring 201(28) 13.9%(161) 80.1%(12) 6.0% 2007 Summer 184(13) 7.1%(152) 82.6% (19) 10.3% 2007 Fall 163(24) 14.7%(124) 76.1% (15) 9.2% 2008 Spring 179 (27) 15.1% (136 ) 76.0% (16) 8.9% 2008 Fall 24 (1) 4.2% (23) 95.8% (0) Total: (140) 12.1% (904) 78.3 % (111) 9.6%

BVDV Subtypes in PI Cattle in Oklahoma Feedlot: PI cattle: 0.4% 30/7497 BVDV Subtype Percentage BVDV1a21.1% BVDV1b68.4% BVDV2110.5%

BVDV Subtypes in Beef Breeding Herd Study for PI calves : herds with 5 herds positive: 16.7% 25/ 4530 calves as PI= 0.55% Three herds with single PI and 2 with multiple (10 and 12) One dam of PI calves: PI (4.0%) All PI isolates as BVDV1b Can J Vet Res, 2009 in press

>99.9% similarity BVDV1b BVDV PI strains from 2006 NF BPS Survey

MLVCompanyStrainGenotype/Biotype Express 5 Breed-Back FP 5 BI Vetmedica Singer 296 1a CP 2a CP Pyramid 5Fort DodgeSinger a CP 2a CP Pyramid 4Fort DodgeSinger1a CP BoviShield 4PfizerNADL1a CP BoviShield Gold 5 BoviShield Gold FP 5 PfizerNADL aCP 2a CP Titanium 5AgriLabsC24V 296 1a CP 2a CP Vista 5IntervetSinger 125A 1a CP 2a CP Reliant PlusMerialNADL1a CP Arsenal 4.1NovartisGL7601a NCP Jencine 4Schering Plough WRL1 NCP Vaccines and BVDV Subtypes and Biotypes

KilledCompanyStrainGenotype/Biotype Elite 4BI VetmedicaSinger1a CP MasterGuard 5 AgriLabsC24V 125C 1a CP 2a CP Triangle 4+ II BVD Fort DodgeSinger a CP 2a CP CattleMaster Gold FP Pfizer a CP 2a CP CattleMaster 4 Pfizer a CP 1 NCP ViraShield 6NovartisK22 GL 760 TN 131 1a Cp 1a NCP 2 NCP RespishieldMerialSinger1a CP Vaccines and BVDV Subtypes and Biotypes

Diversity of BVDV Antibodies in Vaccinated Cattle: Two Doses with BVDV1a and 2a strains VaccineBVD 1aBVD1bBVD2aBVD2b MLV A MLV B Killed

Implications of Diversity of BVDV: Diagnostic Tests Impact on Diagnostic Test for Antigen Detection Monoclonal selection: epitopes : potential changes in epitope genome region may affect reactivity and diagnosis IHC and ACE FA Viral genome differences for PCR tests

Vaccines Against Multiple BVDV Subtypes US and Canada : BVDV1a and BVDV2a strains Demonstrate protection against acute challenge for multiple subtypes, ie BVDV1b Demonstrate protection against fetal challenge for multiple subtypes, ie BVDV1b Potential for BVDV1b monovalent or combination with BVDV1a and BVDV2a Novel vaccines with multiple strains, genomic regions or protein subunits from different strains