The Cell 2 4 1 3 5 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dscY_2QQbKU

Famous Scientists • Hooke 1665 – One of first people to observe cells Looked at cork (plant) cells Coined the term “cell” One cubic inch= 12 hundred MILLION cells • Schleiden 1838 – All plants are made of cells! • Schwann 1839 – All animals are made of cells! • Virchow 1855 – “All cells come from other cells”

This led to the formation of the CELL THEORY! All living things are made of one or more cells The cell is the basic unit of function of all living things (they carry on life activities) All cells are produced from other cells! (by the process of cell divison)

Two Categories of Cells Prokaryotes – No Nucleus – Few membrane bound organelles – Usually smaller – Bacteria Eukaryote – Nucleus – Many membrane-bound organelles – Bigger – YOU!

All cells are similar in these respects: Have a cell membrane Thin, flexible barrier around cells Have cytoplasm Fluid material inside cell membrane Have genetic material which carries the cell’s instructions Carry out life functions

All Eukaryotic Cells have CELL STRUCTURE All Eukaryotic Cells have ORGANELLES Tiny cell structures that carries out specific functions within the cell

Cross Section of a Plant Cell

Cross Section of a Plant Cell

Cross Section of an Animal Cell

Cross Section of an Animal Cell

1. Cell Membrane (Plasma Membrane) protects and supports cell allows materials to pass in and out of the cell (selectively permeable) maintains internal cell homeostasis provides means for cell to cell communication

2. Cytoplasm watery/jelly material that holds cell organelles in place area between the cell membrane and the nucleus many chemical reactions take place here transports things around the cell ~constantly moving

3. Nucleus contains DNA (genetic material) directs and controls all cell activities the control or “brain” of the cell

4. Nucleolus Small organelle inside nucleus where ribosomes are made

5. Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) transports and carries proteins and other materials across the cell a network of tunnels and passageways 2 types – rough ER has ribosomes smooth ER does not have ribosomes

6. Ribosome small, grain-like bodies produces proteins - the site of protein synthesis (using instructions from the nucleus) found on ER and in the cytoplasm

7. Golgi Body Complex serve as processing and packaging of wastes and harmful material, stores materials (PPS)

8. Vacuole 8. Vacuole large, round, water-filled sac storage area of cell stores water, food and waste plants have a large vacuole some animal cells have them – others don’t stores food, water, and waste (FWW)

9. Lysosome small, round sacs contains digestive enzymes that breakdown complex molecules (food), wastes, and worn-out cell organelles

10. “Mighty” Mitochondria slipper shaped organelle that releases the energy in food molecules energy (ATP) is produced via cellular respiration called the powerhouse of the cell have their own DNA

11. Centriole involved in cell division of animal cells

Found ONLY in PLANT CELLS! 12. Chloroplasts Found ONLY in PLANT CELLS! uses suns energy to make food for plant (photosynthesis) contains chlorophyll (green pigment) have their own DNA

Found in plant cells & most bacteria! 13. Cell Wall Found in plant cells & most bacteria! composed of cellulose (a carbohydrate) gives cell its shape and provides protection for the cell

ORGANELLE – WHO AM I? I make energy. I am the _______________________ I make ribosomes. I transport proteins. I make proteins. I am selectively permeable. I process, package, and store things. I control the cell activities. I am made of cellulose. I am the _______________________ I store food, water and waste. I clean up the cell with digestive enzymes. I only appear during mitosis in animal cells. I use the sun to make sugar and oxygen. I make ATP from glucose. I am a liquid and this is where most cell reactions take place.

Differences Between Plant and Animal Cells Plant Cells Cell membrane Ribosomes Nucleus Endoplasmic reticulum Golgi apparatus Lysosomes Vacuoles Mitochondria Cell Wall Chloroplasts Centrioles

6 3 4 5 1 2 7 8 1-nucleus 2-chromosomes 3-mitochondria 4-ribosome 5-chloroplast 6-vacuole 7-ER 8-cell membrane 3 4 5 1 6 2 7 8

Function within the Cell City “Job”   Plant Organelle Function within the Cell City “Job” Nucleus Plasma (Cell) Membrane Cell Wall Cytoplasm Chloroplast(s) Mitochondria Vacuole Ribosome(s) Controls cell activities Mayor Regulates materials entering and leaving the cell. Doorman Gives shape and protection Border patrol  Transport material through out the cell Buses and Trains Site of photosynthesis Restaurants  Power Plant  Site of cellular respiration Storage  Warehouse  Carries out protein synthesis  Butcher Shop