Queen Liliuokalani

1892 she is made Queen of Hawaii Sister of King Kalakaua Also believed in restoring Hawaiian power and rights to their own kingdom

Queen Liliuokalani Wanted to get rid of Bayonet Constitution since it was illegal and unfair to the Hawaiian people Wanted a new constitution which said: –Don’t need land to vote –Must be a citizen of Hawaii to vote –King/Queen can elect whomever they choose for their government –King/Queen regains power to make decisions

Committee of Public Safety formed… Made up of Annexation club and foreigners upset with Queen’s plans to do away with Bayonet Constitution Planned to get rid of Queen –Set up a provisional (temporary) government –Push for annexation of Hawaiian Kingdom to U.S.

Queen Liliuokalani Once she found out a Committee of Public Safety had formed Queen Liliuokalani decided that she would not try to get a new constitution written so no fighting occurred.

Overthrow of the Hawaiian Kingdom Committee of Public Safety felt it was too late. They asked the U.S. minister to Hawaii John L. Stevens for protection

Overthrow of the Hawaiian Kingdom Minister Stevens had about 160 U.S. Marines: – land in Hawaii –march up to Iolani Palace –protect all Americans living in Hawaii in case any war or fighting broke out.

Overthrow of the Hawaiian Kingdom Committee of Public Safety went to Iolani Palace and proclaimed the end of the Hawaiian monarchy Queen Liliuokalani did not want her people to get hurt and so she surrendered and went to Washington Place.

Overthrow of the Hawaiian Kingdom Queen Liliuokalani hoped the U.S. would stop the illegal overthrow and return Hawaii to her.

Provisional Government The Committee of Public Safety set up a provisional or temporary government to rule the Hawaiian Kingdom until annexation to the U.S. Sanford Dole is nominated as president of the government

Provisional Government The provisional government said that all people must pledge an oath of loyalty to them, but many Hawaiians refused The provisional government sent a request for annexation to President Harrison of the U.S. At the same time Queen Liliuokalani sent a request asking for her kingdom back and for U.S. to help stop this illegal overthrow

Provisional Government Queen’s request was blocked by the Provisional government and so President Harrison only heard their side. He said the overthrow was ok and that annexation of Hawaii will happen.

Annexation of Hawaii Before President Harrison was able to sign an annexation treaty with Hawaii he is replaced by President Grover Cleveland. President Cleveland conducted an investigation – found that the overthrow was illegal –so he chose to not allow the annexation of Hawaii –demanded that Hawaii be returned to Queen Liliuokalani

Annexation of Hawaii The Provisional government was not happy with this and so they refused to listen to President Cleveland. Instead they planned on waiting until a president who is willing to annex Hawaii is elected. While they waited they used Iolani Palace as their new headquarters. They created the first Hawaiian fire department and National Guard

Hawaii Becomes a Republic Sanford Dole and Lorrin Thurston created a new constitution –All voters must be able to read and write either in English or Hawaiian –All voters must have: money land they must promise not to help the Queen or the Hawaiian people (oath of loyalty to the new Republic of Hawaii) –Also no hula dancing and music must be European music

Hawaii Becomes a Republic 1894 this new constitution was approved by the Provisional Government and those who can vote. Hawaii became a republic. They were led by Sanford Dole.

Wilcox Attempts Another Revolt Robert Wilcox and the people of Hawaii were really upset at what happened with their Queen, etc… So Wilcox planned another revolt. He and his men bought guns from San Francisco and buried them by Diamond Head The plan was to attack the Provisional Government on January 7, 1895

Wilcox Attempts Another Revolt Government forces found out about the attack and ambushed Wicox and his men at Waikiki Fighting lasted for 2 weeks until Wilcox and his men surrendered.

Punishment for Wilcox’s Revolt Upset at what Wilcox did, the Provisional Government had Queen Liliuokalani, Prince Jonah Kuhio Kalanianaole, Prince David Kawananakoa, along with 200 other Hawaiians locked up and put on trial. Nearly all are found guilty of treason. Some were sentenced to death, but eventually sentences were changed to life in jail.

President McKinley and Annexation 1896 President McKinley became president of the U.S. and he agreed that annexation should occur because Hawaii is a perfect refueling spot for U.S. Navy in times of war Spanish American War started and U.S. used Hawaii as a base to refuel their battleships as they fought Spain in the Philippines Afraid of losing control of Hawaii President McKinley officially annexed Hawaii in that same year. Hawaii was now a part of America and the Hawaiian Kingdom was officially over.

Questions (Use Reading, textbook pages , and Notes) 1. Why did the Committee of Safety overthrow the Hawaiian Kingdom? 2. On page 160 in your textbook, a man named James Blount played an important role in trying to restore Queen Liliuokalani to the position of leader of Hawaii. –Who was James Blount? –What did he do? Did it work? Explain why or why not. 3. After the overthrow the provisional government changed Hawaii into a republic. Yet on page 162 it says that Hawaii really wasn’t a true republic. Explain why. 4. What changes did Sanford Dole and Lorrin Thurston add to the constitution of the Republic of Hawaii? 5. Explain what Robert Wilcox did to try to restore power to the Hawaiian Kingdom after the Republic of Hawaii was created? 6. Whether you agree with the overthrow and annexation of the Hawaiian Kingdom or not, state your opinion about the whole event.

Questions Continued 7. What was life like under the Republic of Hawaii for both Americans and Hawaiians? Explain. 8. What role did the Spanish American War play in America’s decision to annex Hawaii? 9. Think. There are many positives that happened for Hawaii once we became part of the U.S. Explain a few of them. What are some of the negatives? 10. Do you think annexation has been positive or negative for Hawaii and it’s people?