Industrialization of Russia & Japan Chapter 27

Russia 1800s Russia consolidated power – w/absolute power in the Romanov’s hands Most citizens were serfs with no rights – living slave-like existence Used secret police to squash rebellions Some (western-influenced) elites wanted reforms

Russian Reforms 1860s Alexander II started reforms inspired by the Enlightenment – Emancipation Edict—abolished serfdom, but didn’t help b/c serfs had small amounts of land and owed the government $$ so difficult to make improvements (doc) – Some went to the cities to work in the factories – Built the trans-Siberia RR & major steel industry

Russia Late 1800s small middle class grew Arts flourished (mid-1800s-) – Anna Karenina, War & Peace – Swan Lake, Nutcracker Alexander II assassinated by a political group called The People’s Will – One bomber struck bulletproof carriage, second bomber threw explosive under Alexander II (died later that day) 1881 – Lead to pogroms

Russia Nicholas II ( ) – Russo-Japanese War (1904) – Russian Revolution (1905) Moderates marched on the czar’s palace in protest in order to reform- “ Bloody Sunday” – Troops fired on protestors – Resentment of the working class – Stolypin Reforms – Creation of the Duma (1906) Hollow instrument because he couldn’t relinquish power – Continued police aggression – Japanese advancement- refocus on the Balkans…maintain diplomatic standing WWI

Japan s successful at keeping Europe out – Highly ethnocentric and isolationist – Citizens were not allowed to travel abroad 1800s Industrial Revolution – Europe & US more powerful and demanding access to markets

Japan 1853 Commodore Matthew Perry (US) arrived on a steamboat – Realized their isolation  not to be able to compete economically and militarily Treaty of Kanagawa (1854)—US favored – Caused the Nationalist to get mad – BUT organized (not like China) and the samurai revolted against the shogun and restored the Emperor Meiji

Japan – Meiji Restoration Shogun Out, Emperor In, Westerners Out Japanese Westernization – Metric system, clocks, calendar, fashions NOT religion Emerged as a world power Building RRs and steamships 1876 samurai class abolished and universal military service was established 1890s able to reduce European & US influence

Japan Meiji Imperial Victories – 1895 defeat China for control of Korea and Taiwan – Russo-Japanese War Removed Russia from Manchuria and established its own sphere of influence Fought over rival imperial ambitions Japan was victorious (more powerful navy) – Imperial power

Compare & Contrast Industrial Revolution in Europe and Japan Japan’s was faster (a few decades to Europe’s century) Japan didn’t have to invent, but implement Private corporations formed (i.e. Mitsubishi) – Built factories – Urbanized – Encouraged reforms