Need Theory By Virginia Henderson Presented by Loutrasa Hill, RN, Sandra Clatterbuck, RN, Chad Allen, RN, Tori Stevens, RN, & Victoria O’Hara, RN

Virginia Henderson History Born 1897 in Kansas City, Missouri and raised in Virginia (Black, 2014) Known as the Florence Nightingale of modern nursing Attended the Army School of Nursing at Walter Reed Hospital earning a Diploma in 1921 Studied at Teachers College at Columbia University in 1934, under Annie Goodrich (crusader and diplomat of nursing (American Nurses Association, 2015)), earning a Bachelors and Masters degree. Was an instructor from 1924-1934, a nursing faculty member at Columbia University until 1948 and then became a nursing research associate in 1954 at Yale University School of Nursing until the age of 75 (Ahtisham & Jacoline, 2015; American Nurses Association, 2015). She holds twelve honorary doctoral degrees and has received the International Council of Nursing's Christianne Reimann Prize, which is considered nursing's most prestigious award (American Nurses Association, 2015)

Need Theory History Continued from previous page…. Virginia Henderson contributed to the revision of Harmer’s 4th edition of Principles and Practice Nursing. Wrote the 5th edition about her personal definition of nursing in 1991. Virginia Henderson died March 19, 1996 (Ahtisham & Jacoline, 2015) Responsible for developing the nursing theory process – assessment, diagnosis, outcome, planning, implementation, and evaluation (Ahtisham & Jacoline, 2015).

Need Theory: What Is It? Explains the importance of patient independence. Encourages patients to do as much on their own as possible so that their hospitalization is not prolonged. Details nurses unique function in helping the individual reach personal independence in their recovery or peaceful death (Ahtisham & Jacoline, 2015). Changed delayed to prolonged.

Need Theory: What Is It? Independence accomplished by addressing: Biological Psychological Sociological Spiritual aspects of a person The nurses role is “substitutive (doing for a person), Supplementary (helping the person), and Complementary (working with the person)” (Ahtisham & Jacoline, 2015, p. 444)

The Fourteen Components of Need Theory Virginia Henderson structured activities into fourteen components in relation to human needs, they are: Breathe normally Eat and drink normally Eliminate body waste Move and maintain desirable postures Sleep and rest Select suitable clothes-dress and undress Maintain body temperature within normal range by adjusting clothing and modifying environment. Keep the body clean and well groomed and protect the integument Avoid dangers in the environment and avoid injuring others. (Black, pg. 271, 2014) #8: edited to “keep” from “deep” Moved #9 to this slide to aid in audio

The Fourteen Components of Need Theory 10. Communicate with others in expressing emotions, needs, fears, or opinions. 11. Worship according to ones faith. 12. Work in such a way that there is a sense of accomplishment. 13. Play or participate in various forms of recreation. 14. Learn, discover, or satisfy the curiosity that leads to normal development and health and use the available health facilities (Black, pg. 271, 2014) Moved #9 to the previous slide

Why Need Theory? Quality of Care will greatly improve when nurses incorporate theory or theory-based evidences into their practice Helps develop critical thinking skills Promotes a more analytical approach to patient care (Ahtisham & Jacoline, 2015).

Why Need Theory Every nurse incorporates this theory whether they know it or not. It restores ones independence and facilities their discharge planning. It is effective in addressing a patient’s needs It elaborates the role that nurses play in providing care that encourages independence. It is adaptable and can be used in a variety of clinical settings (Ahtisham & Jacoline, 2015).

Conclusion Virginia Henderson’s Need Theory is extremely relevant in today’s nursing practice. By addressing the patients’ basic needs that she had outlined into fourteen components, nurses are able to assist them in becoming as independent as possible (Ahtisham & Jacoline, 2015).

References Ahtisham, Y. & Jacoline, S. (2015). Integrating nursing theory and process into practice: Virginia henderson’s need theory. International Journal of Caring Sciences. 8(2). 443-450. Black, B. P. (2014). Professional nursing: Concepts and challenges. St. Louis, Missouri: Elsevier Saunders. American Nurses Association. (2015). Virginia a. Henderson (1897-1996) 1996 inductee. Retrieved from http://www.nursingworld.org/VirginiaAHenderson American Nurses Association. (2015). Annie warburton goodrich (1866-1954) 1976 inductee. Retrieved http://www.nursingworld.org/AnnieWarburtonGoodrich