Perception in Motor Development

What is Perception? A multistage process that takes place in the BRAIN. It includes – Selection – Processing – Organization – Integration of Information received from the SENSES

Senses Sight - Visual Hearing - Auditory Smell - Olfactory Taste Touch - Tactile Kinesthetic

Sensory or Sensation is… The neural activity triggered by some stimulus that activates a sensory receptor and results in sensory nerve impulses traveling the sensory nerve pathways to the brain, back to body and parts, body reacts & moves Stimulus examples are… – Light – Sound – Smell Stimulus in Athletics – Sprinter hears the gun – Outfielder hears the bat hit the ball, sees the ball flying – Golfer feels the ball hit the sweet spot

Kinesthetic Perception Tactile Localization Multiple Tactile Points Perception of Objects Perception of the Body – Body Awareness Laterality Lateral Dominance Limb Movements Spatial Orientation Perception of Direction – Directionality

Proprioception Proprioception means "sense of self". – In the limbs, the proprioceptors are sensors that provide information about joint angle, muscle length, and tension, which is integrated to give information about the position of the limb in space.

Kinesthetic Receptor LocationPerceives What Muscle SpindlesMusclesJoint Angle, Muscle Length, & Degree of tension Golgi TendonMuscle-tendon junctions Change in tension Proprioceptors Joint Receptors Joint Capsule & Ligaments Direction, Rate, Extent of Joint Movement, Steady Position, Stationary Joint Position Vestibular Apparatus Inner EarRotation, Acceleration, Deceleration, Linear Movements (body position relative to gravity) Cutaneous Receptors Skin & Underlying Tissue Touch Temperature Pain

“Like a Cat” Vestibular Apparatus is crucial to sport & especially sport activity that involves the body moving in space (spinning, twisting, rotating, etc. What are 3 specific sport examples whose athletes have a keen a vestibular apparatus or sense of body in space?

Visual Perception Perception of Size Constancy Perception of Figure-and-Ground Perception of Whole Objects versus Parts Depth Perception Perception of Spatial Orientation Perception of Movement