Climate Change, Energy and Transport – A Malaysian Perspective By Azman Zainal Abidin Pusat Tenaga Malaysia

Malaysia Energy Supply Total: MtoeTotal: Mtoe Energy Supply has increased by ~ 80 % in Shifting from oil to natural gas consumption as a result of the Four Fuel Diversification Policy

Malaysia Energy Demand Total: MtoeTotal: Mtoe Energy demand has increased by ~ 54 % in The remarkable economic growth has somewhat increased the energy demand in % dominated by the industrial and transport sectors

Trend of Electricity Generation

GHG Inventory (Initial Results – Energy Sector)

Relative GHG Emissions Increase GDP at 1987 pricesmillion RM153,881209,36536% Population'00020,11223,27516% Apparent energy consumptionktoe31,85854,13570% CO 2 emission per capitaton/capita % CO 2 emission (Reference approach)Gg CO 2 84,415128,05852% CH 4 emission (Fugitive emission)Gg Gg CO 2 eq ,335 1,198 25,158 89% N 2 O emission (burning of biomass fuel) Gg Gg CO 2 e. eq * (92.9)% Energy Sector Note: *Worksheet variation appear in INC as it uses different worksheet

Sectoral emissions – Energy Sector (2000) Sources (Gg) CO 2 Emissions CH 4 N2ON2OHFCSF 6 CO 2 eq. emissions Total Emissions (Energy & Industry)145, , , Energy (Sectoral Approach)151, Fuel Combustion126,058 Power Industries37,12637,126 (29.5%) Industry (Manufacturing and Construction)24,15024,150 (19.2%) Transportation41,02541,025 (32.5%) Residential1,8201,820 (1.4%) Commercial2,1272,127 (1.7%) Agriculture/Fisheries/Forestry (0.7%) Others (Transformation)18,89318,893 (15%) 2. Fugitive Emissions from Fuel1, ,142.3 Coal Mining and Handling Oil and Gas System1,19725, Emission from Biomass Fuels

Sectoral Emissions (Energy) Total: 126,058 Gg CO 2

Any effort to reduce GHG emissions?

 A project based mechanism  Project must be in non-Annex 1 country  Dual objective:  Assist Annex 1 countries in meeting their targets  Assist non-Annex 1 countries in achieving sustainable development  Project must provide emission reductions “that are additional to any that would occur in the absence of the certified project activity” Clean Development Mechanism

Article 12(2), Kyoto Protocol  The purpose of the clean development mechanism shall be to assist Parties not included in Annex I in achieving sustainable development and in contributing to the ultimate objective of the Convention, and to assist Parties included in Annex I in achieving compliance with their quantified emission limitation and reduction commitments under Article 3.

CDM Status in Malaysia  24 Projects are given Host Country Approval  As of April 2007, 14 Projects are registered with CDM EB Application year (as of April '07) Number of Projects Potential Tonnes of CO2-eq/year93,91562,190866,7582.5million2.6million1.2 million Status Projects April '07PINPDD Number of Projects4230

CDM Project Type (as of April ’07) Project TypeEstimated ER/yr Empty Fruit Bunches (EFB)2,663,692 Biogas_Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME)918,268 Wood Waste67,000 Biodiesel1,600,000 Landfill274,235 Municipal Waste486,105 Mini-hydro20,727 Animal Waste127,500 Fuel Switching61,946 Composting1,677,432 TOTAL 7,896,905 Note: Based on existing PDDs and PINs

TitleDate of Issuance CERs Issued Verified Period Host Parties Other Parties 0249: Biomass Energy Plant-Lumut.Biomass Energy Plant-Lumut.05 Oct ,70001 Feb Apr 2006 Malaysia Denmark 0247: Replacement of Fossil Fuel by Palm Kernel Shell Biomass in the production of Portland CementReplacement of Fossil Fuel by Palm Kernel Shell Biomass in the production of Portland Cement 22 Dec ,26001 May Dec 2005 Malaysia France CERs Issued (as of April ’07)

 Our energy consumption has increased over the years  We have been using our energy inefficiently, due mainly to energy prices being heavily subsidized  Our GHG emissions have been increasing over the years, with Industrial and Transport sectors being the biggest emitters  Some effort has been made to reduce GHG emissions through CDM, even though the objective may not be noble SUMMARY

Reducing GHG emissions will have other direct benefits that include:  Energy conservation  Improved air quality REMARK

Thank You Pusat Tenaga Malaysia No. 2 Jalan 9/1 Persiaran Usahawan Bandar Baru Bangi Selangor Darul Ehsan Website: