OBSERVATION & INFERENCE How can I use my senses & mind to gather data & make predictions?

OBSERVATIONS Factual information gathered with the 5 senses Not based on opinion Would not cause argument

TYPES OF OBSERVATIONS Qualitative: uses describing adjectives; describes the characteristics of something Quantitative: uses numbers; provides measurements of something

INFERENCES Logical assumptions based on observations Can be based on opinion Could be argued, but should not be nonsensical

WHY WE DO CORNELL NOTES 1:30-5:01

EXCHANGE IDEAS 1.Use a new color. 2.Sit with a partner. 3.Take turns reading each other your Cornell notes. 4.Listen for new information. 5.Listen for things you need to correct. 6.Fix them with your new color. 7.THEN, do other repetitions with your partner (circling, highlighting, question marking, starring, etc.)

INQUIRY/SCIENTIFIC METHOD HOW TO FORMAT A LAB REPORT

LAB REPORTS – PG. 23 What do I need to include in a lab report?

Francis Bacon London, England Developed the scientific method Known as “The Father of Experimental Science”

LAB REPORTS There are 5 parts of a lab report 1.The question 2.The hypothesis 3.The experimental design (variables, groups, materials, procedures) 4.The results (data, graph, analysis) 5.The conclusion

#1. SCIENTIFIC QUESTION Can be tested; the subject of the experiment A question that asks about the relationship between the independent variable and the dependent variable Ends with a question mark Without pronouns (I, me, he, she, etc.) Recommended format: What is the effect of ___________ on _________?

#2. HYPOTHESIS The answer to the testable question A statement that predicts the relationship between the independent variable & dependent variable Ends with a period Without pronouns (I, me, he, she, etc.) Suggested format: If ___________________, then ___________________.

#3. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Let’s define each of these: Independent Variable Control Group Experimental Group Dependent Variable Control/Constant Variables

INDEPENDENT VARIABLE The variable the scientist selects, picks, or chooses

DEPENDENT VARIABLE The variable that responds to the independent variable The variable the scientist measures

CONSTANT/CONTROL VARIABLES All the things that scientist keeps the same to make sure the test is fair

CONTROL GROUP The group that is given the normal treatment A control group is not always present

EXPERIMENTAL GROUP The group(s) that is given the special treatment

Experiment: Bug Spray Insect repellant (bug spray) is sprayed on one arm, and the other arm is not sprayed with any bug repellent. The number of bug bites is recorded after 2 hours. Independent variable? Dependent variable? Constant variables? Experimental group? Control group?

Experiment: Wheel Size Let’s experiment to see how the size of a skateboard wheel affects the speed of the skateboard. We’ll use different size wheels and measured how fast the skateboard goes. Independent variable? Dependent variable? Constant variables? Experimental group? Control group?

#3. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN CONTINUED 1.MATERIALS  A list of supplies  Include quantities (ex: 5 mL water) 2.PROCEDURES  Numbered, step-by-step directions  Each step begins with a present tense verb  Without pronouns (I, me, he, she, etc.)  Can be repeated exactly because all steps have been made clear and nothing is skipped

#4. RESULTS 1.Data table  Neat, titled, includes units 2.Graph  Properly labeled graph (title, x, y, key, scale)  The right type of graph for the data 3.Analyze the data  Identify trends/correlation (positive, negative, or no relationship) from data obtained in the experiment

#5. CONCLUSION (6 SENTENCES) Recaps the experiment & shares the results This experiment investigated … The hypothesis stated … According to the data, the hypothesis was … (supported or not supported) I know that the hypothesis was supported/not supported because (use data to explain)… Possible causes of error are … The results of this experiment are important because …

YOUR OWN CHOCOLATE LAB 1.Can be about melting or something else 2.Involves Hershey Kisses but can also include other types of chocolate if you bring it (Period 3: Let’s stick with only chocolate chips) 3.Uses supplies that are available in the room, or that you have asked to bring with teacher permission 4.The experiment should take 40 minutes maximum 5.Do the experiment with a partner but turn in your own lab report Ideas: What is the effect of mouth movement (tongue or teeth) on the melting rate of a Hershey Kiss? What is the effect of a Hershey Kiss being in a pants pocket or on the outside of the pants pocket on the melting rate of a Hershey Kiss?