IEEE’s Hands on Practical Electronics (HOPE) Lesson 5: Silicon, Breadboards.

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
Caroline Chisholm College Physics
Advertisements

Introduction to Semiconductor Materials. Prerequisites To understand this presentation, you should have the following prior knowledge: – Draw the structure.
Course: ETE 107 Electronics 1 Course Instructor: Rashedul Islam
Electronics.
Conduction in Metals Atoms form a crystal Atoms are in close proximity to each other Outer, loosely-bound valence electron are not associated with any.
Energy Band View of Semiconductors Conductors, semiconductors, insulators: Why is it that when individual atoms get close together to form a solid – such.
Mr Powell VI Characteristics Ohms Law Current/voltage characteristics For an ohmic conductor, a semiconductor diode and a filament lamp Candidates.
Lecture 2 OUTLINE Semiconductor Basics Reading: Chapter 2.
EE105 Fall 2007Lecture 1, Slide 1 Lecture 1 OUTLINE Basic Semiconductor Physics – Semiconductors – Intrinsic (undoped) silicon – Doping – Carrier concentrations.
Lecture #3 OUTLINE Band gap energy Density of states Doping Read: Chapter 2 (Section 2.3)
9/22/2004EE 42 fall 2004 lecture 101 Lecture #10 Electrons, Atoms, and Materials Reading: Malvino chapter 2 (semiconductors)
9/24/2004EE 42 fall 2004 lecture 111 Lecture #11 Metals, insulators and Semiconductors, Diodes Reading: Malvino chapter 2 (semiconductors)
P and n type semiconductors. Semiconductors Semiconductors are also referred to as metalloids. Metalloids occur at the division between metals and non-metals.
Lecture 0: Introduction. CMOS VLSI Design 4th Ed. 0: Introduction2 Introduction  Integrated circuits: many transistors on one chip.  Very Large Scale.
SEMICONDUCTORS.
WEEK ONE TOPIC: ELECTRONICS SOLID STATE MATERIALS  CONDUCTORS  INSULATORS  SEMICONDUCTORS.
Electronics Principles & Applications Sixth Edition Chapter 2 Semiconductors (student version) ©2003 Glencoe/McGraw-Hill Charles A. Schuler.
IEEE’s Hands on Practical Electronics (HOPE) Lesson 6: PN Junctions, Diodes, Solar Cells.
Introduction to Semiconductor Materials
Department of EECS University of California, Berkeley EECS 105 Fall 2003, Lecture 6 Lecture 6: Integrated Circuit Resistors Prof. Niknejad.
Electric Components. Basics 1 Current: electrons moving together in same direction (electrons are always moving in materials like metals but in a random.
Ohm's Law Ohm's law is an assertion that the current through a device is always directly proportional to the potential difference applied to the device.
Semiconductor Fundamentals. Objectives –After completing this unit, the student should be able to: Identify materials that act as semiconductors. Define.
Electric Current. Current Rate at which charge flows through a surface. Ex. If the charge on a capacitor changes by the function Q(t)=6(1-e  0.1t ),
Chapter 2 Semiconductor Materials and Diodes
ECE 250 – Electronic Devices 1 ECE 250 Electronic Device Modeling.
Electronics 1 Lecture 2 Ahsan Khawaja Lecturer Room 102 Department of Electrical Engineering.
Taklimat UniMAP Universiti Malaysia Perlis WAFER FABRICATION Hasnizah Aris, 2008 Lecture 2 Semiconductor Basic.
Impurities & Defects, Continued More on Shallow Donors & Acceptors Amusing Answers to Exam Questions Given by Public School Students!
Penn ESE370 Fall DeHon 1 ESE370: Circuit-Level Modeling, Design, and Optimization for Digital Systems Day 8: September 24, 2010 MOS Model.
P-N Junction Diode Topics covered in this presentation:
29-1Bonding in Molecules *When atoms cling together as a single unit to achieve lower energy levels, this is a chemical bond. *Bonds occur as ionic an.
SEMICONDUCTORS Materials can be categorised into conductors, semiconductors or insulators by their ability to conduct electricity.conductorssemiconductorsor.
Penn ESE370 Fall DeHon 1 ESE370: Circuit-Level Modeling, Design, and Optimization for Digital Systems Day 9: September 17, 2014 MOS Model.
BASIC ELECTRONICS Module 1 Introduction to Semiconductors
Extrinsic Semiconductors ECE Definitions Intrinsic ▫Pure ▫There are an equal number of electrons and holes Extrinsic ▫Contains impurities (donors,
ELECTRONIC PROPERTIES OF MATTER - Semi-conductors and the p-n junction -
Introduction to Semiconductor Materials
Band Theory of Solids In isolated atoms the electrons are arranged in energy levels.
Lecture 1 OUTLINE Semiconductors, Junction, Diode characteristics, Bipolar Transistors: characteristics, small signal low frequency h-parameter model,
TOPIC D: BONDING AND THE PROPERTIES OF SOLIDS. An alloy is a mixture of metals. Two types are common: 1. An interstitial alloy – additional, smaller atoms.
Lecture 1 OUTLINE Semiconductor Fundamentals – General material properties – Crystal structure – Crystallographic notation – Electrons and holes Reading:
Electronics Principles & Applications Fifth Edition Chapter 2 Semiconductors ©1999 Glencoe/McGraw-Hill Charles A. Schuler.
EE105 - Spring 2007 Microelectronic Devices and Circuits
Penn ESE370 Fall DeHon 1 ESE370: Circuit-Level Modeling, Design, and Optimization for Digital Systems Day 9: September 26, 2011 MOS Model.
Introduction to CMOS Transistor and Transistor Fundamental
Semiconductors. O A Semiconductor is a material whose resistivity is between that of a good conductor and a good insulator. O Examples of materials which.
ELECTONICS & COMMUNICATION SEM-3 YEAR SUBJECT-ELECTCTRONICS DEVICE &CIRCUIT SUBJECT CODE ACTIVE LEARING ASSIGNMENT.
PHYSICAL ELECTRONICS ECX 5239 PRESENTATION 01 PRESENTATION 01 Name : A.T.U.N Senevirathna. Reg, No : Center : Kandy.
Transistors According to Dictionary.com a transistor is:
Overview of Silicon Device Physics
COURSE NAME: SEMICONDUCTORS Course Code: PHYS 473.
US Demonstrate and apply knowledge of basic semiconductor devices 7 weeks (Term 1 Wk10, 11, 12 + Term 2 Wk1, 2, 3, 4)
Introduction to CMOS VLSI Design Lecture 0: Introduction.
Unit 8 - Electricity. Electricity What is electricity? The flow of electric charge (either protons or electrons) This flow is called current Electric.
“Semiconductor Physics”
Lecture 1 OUTLINE Important Quantities Semiconductor Fundamentals
Introduction to Semiconductor Materials
Modelling & Simulation of Semiconductor Devices
Introduction to Semiconductor Material and Devices.
Lecture 1 OUTLINE Important Quantities Semiconductor Fundamentals
Day 9: September 18, 2013 MOS Model
EECS143 Microfabrication Technology
Introduction to Semiconductor Materials
Basic Semiconductor Physics
Semiconductors Chapter 25.
Lecture 1 OUTLINE Semiconductor Fundamentals
EE105 Fall 2007Lecture 1, Slide 1 Lecture 1 OUTLINE Basic Semiconductor Physics – Semiconductors – Intrinsic (undoped) silicon – Doping – Carrier concentrations.
Lecture 1 OUTLINE Basic Semiconductor Physics Reading: Chapter 2.1
What are P-type and N-type ?
Presentation transcript:

IEEE’s Hands on Practical Electronics (HOPE) Lesson 5: Silicon, Breadboards

Last Week Capacitors –Q = CV –Similar to batteries –Charge exponentially –Charging time related to RC

This Week Silicon –Properties –Charge Carriers Electrons Holes –Doping Breadboards –Usage

Silicon in Everyday Use Silicon is used today in many different applications. The one you are probably most familiar with is your computer processor.

Insulator vs. Conductor Insulators do not conduct current –Examples: plastic, wood Conductors conduct current –Examples: metal, ionized water.

Semiconductors Is there something between an insulator and a conductor? –Yes. It is called a semiconductor. –Examples: germanium, silicon, carbon (diamond allotrope)

Semiconductor – Silicon (Si) Semiconductor (from wikipedia): A material with an electrical conductivity that is intermediate between that of an insulator (no free electrons) and a conductor (free electrons). A semiconductor behaves as an insulator at very low temperatures, and has an appreciable electrical conductivity at room temperature although much lower conductivity than a conductor. Semiconductors do not follow Ohm’s Law.

Industrial Use Silicon is the most common substance used in modern day fabrication.

Silicon Wafers They are polished to be smooth on one surface –Why only one surface? You only build on one side Wafers are about.75 mm thick Wafers are usually made 300mm in diameter –For non metric system users that is about 12 inches

Structure of Silicon Pure silicon forms tetrahedral bonds in a crystal lattice. (Each silicon atom is connected to four others)

For Simplicity We will represent it in two dimensions by drawing them at 90 degree angles.  Remember chemistry? Silicon has all covalent bonds so all electrons are locked in place.  If current is defined as moving electrons, is this form of silicon a conductor?

Charge Carriers The negative charge carrier is called an electron. There is no charge carrier equivalent of an electron. The electron’s antimatter counterpart is called a positron, which cannot co-exist with regular matter. We can however model the lack of an electron as a positive charge carrier. We will call this a hole.

Doping By adding impurities to silicon, you can alter its behavior. Impurities are elements like boron or phosphorous which have 3 or 5 valence electrons. When put into a lattice with silicon which has 4 valence electrons, there is either more or less electrons than there should be.

Doping If silicon has –more negative charge carriers –more electrons –doped more heavily with elements with 5 valence electrons It is considered n-type.

Doping If silicon has –more positive charge carriers –more holes –doped more heavily with elements with 3 valence electrons It is considered p-type.

Doping By doping silicon with elements like boron (with 3 valence electrons) there is a lack of an electron in the crystal lattice. This hole can move too. Neighboring electrons can jump in to fill this space, which effectively means the hole moved. Once again, there is no positive charged particle moving around, but we can characterize the absence of an electron as a positive charge.

Doping Arsenic is like phosphorous. It has 5 valence electrons. If silicon is doped with arsenic, it will have extra electrons which can “hop” from place to place.

Silicon Why do we use silicon? –It’s cheap. Sand (SiO 2 ) is made up of silicon. –It is well behaved and well understood Do they use other materials other than silicon? –Yes, but commercially silicon has dominated.

Breadboards Used to build circuits quickly Can salvage parts afterwards Does not require soldering

Breadboards DO NOT SOLDER ANYTHING ON THESE!!!

Breadboards Already wired on the back. The long rails through the entire length of the breadboard are wired vertically. Usually used to supply a reference voltage for your circuit

Breadboards The five pin columns are wired horizontally. Adjacent columns of five are NOT connected internally. (They are two separate groups of five.) In some cases you may wish to connect it manually.

Lab In today’s lab we will experiment with solar cells and learn to build circuits on breadboards. Get to it!