Aim: How do the structures of plants enable them to survive? RootsStems Leaves

Main Tissue Systems of Plants: 1)Dermal Tissue – the outer covering or the “skin” of the plant (epidermis). 2)Vascular Tissue – transports water, minerals, and organic molecules between the roots and leaves. 3)Ground Tissue – fills in the spaces between the dermal and vascular tissues. 4)Meristem Tissue – generate new dermal, vascular, and tissues in plants. Found in Roots and stems.

Root Structure & Function: Cells divide rapidly by mitosis and allows for growth in length (primary growth). Roots anchor a plant in the soil, provide structural support, and absorb water and minerals. The vascular tissue allows for transport.

Stem Structure & Function: Vascular Bundles Stems are the parts of a plant that support leaves and flowers. Stems play an important role in transporting materials in a plant. Vascular tissue runs vertically inside.

How are materials transported? Vascular Tissue: Xylem – transports water & dissolved minerals upward from roots to the leaves. Transpiration – the evaporation of water from leaves, “pulls” the water up the xylem.

How are materials transported? TRANSPORTS NUTRIENTS FROM… The leaf to the roots. Vascular Tissue: Phloem – transports food made in leaves to the roots & parts of the plant that don’t photosynthesize (fruits).

Secondary Growth: Woody Plants Secondary Growth – growth in plant width. Vascular Cambium – actively dividing cells located between xylem & phloem. Cork Cambium – produces a tough outer layer of cork.

Leaf Structure & Function: Leaves are the primary food-producing sites of a plant (photosynthesis). Epidermis – outer layer of cells. Cuticle on surface keeps moisture inside. Palisade Layer – closely packed photosynthetic cells. Spongy Layer – loosely packed photosynthetic cells. Allow for gas exchange. Guard cells – regulate the opening/closing of the stomates.

How does CO 2 get inside the leaf? GUARD CELLS OPEN STOMATES

Should the stomates always be open? WATER VAPOR No, because the plant will lose water & wilt.

When should the guard cells close the ________? stomates When it’s really dry Stomates Open – water vapor exits & carbon dioxide enters Stomates Closed – plant is conserving water