Presented by: Isaac, Racheal, Andrew, Nick, and Jaclyn

 *All Matter is made up of tiny particles, such as atoms, molecules, and ions.  *An ion is an atom that is positively or negatively charged because it has gained or lost electrons.  *Matter is anything that takes up space and has mass, such as a pencil  *There are four states of matter solid, liquid, gas, and plasma  *Plasma  *All matter is made up of participles such as atoms, molecules, or ions  *Each particles attracts other particles and these particles are always in motion the motion and the strength of the particles determine a materials state of matter

 *A solid is matter with a definite shape and volume. For example, when you place a solid, such as a stapler, inside a bucket it does not take the shape of the bucket.  *The particles in a solid are constantly vibrating in place but the particles do not have enough energy to move out of there fixed positions.

 *A crystal structure is composed of a unit cell, a set of atoms arranged in a particular way; which is periodically repeated in three dimensions on a lattice.  Crystalline solids are solids that have regular or nearly regular crystalline structures and the atoms are arranged in an orderly manner. An example of a crystalline solid is Pop Rocks, Sugar.  *Diamond is made entirely of carbon atoms that form crystals that look more like pyramids.

 A liquid is matter that has a definite volume but no definite shape  When you pour liquid from one container to the next, the volume stays the same, but the liquid takes on a different shape of the new container, much like pouring tea from a kettle into a teacup.  The paricles in liquids are free to move. They have enough energy to move out of their fixed positions, but not very far, unlike solids.  A liquids resistance to flow is known as the liquids viscosity. The slower a liquid flows, the high its viscosity. Honey has a high viscosity, but water has a low viscosity.

 For many liquids, viscosity increases as the liquid becomes colder

 The uneven forces acting on the particles on the surface os a liquid are called surface tension.  Surface tension causes the liquid to act as if a thin flim were stretched across its surface.  Attractive forces cause the particles on the surface of a liquid to pull themselves together and resist being pushed apart.  Particles at the surface of a liquid are pulled toward the center of the liquid and sideways along the surface. No liquid particles are located above to pull on them.  Surface tension exists because the particles at the surface experience different forces than those at the center of the liquid.

 Unlike solids and liquids, most gases are invisible.  Oxygen is an example is an invisible gas.  Gas is matter that does not have a definite shape or volume.  The particles in gas are much farther apart than those in a liquid or solid.  Gas particles move at high speeds in all directions.  Gases can expends and/or be compressed

 Pictures by Google  Information by Textbook  PowerPoint by Andrew, Isaac, Jaclyn, Nick, and Racheal

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