Introduction Class: Aviation I (AVAT11001) Lecture: Tuesdays B1/G.04 9am-11am Tutorial: Thursdays B1/G.16 9am-11am Lecturer: –Name: Ron Bishop –Office: Building 3/G.54 –Phone: – Please feel free to call, , or stop by my office if your are confused about anything in the reading material or lecture notes

AVAT11001: Course Outline 1.Aircraft and Terminology 2.Radio Communications 3.Structure, Propulsion, Fuel Systems 4.Electrical, Hydraulic Systems and Instruments 5.Air Law 6.Aerodynamics: Basics 7.Aerodynamics: Performance 8.Human Factors 9.Meteorology 10.Loading 11.Take-off and Landing Performance 12.Navigation

Stuff to read Required Reading: –Basic Aeronautical Knowledge (BAK) Chapter 1, pp. 1-30, Chapter 3, pp –Visual Flight Guide 2007 (VFG) INFO, pp

Questions from the Reading 1.Why do the ailerons move in opposite directions? 2.Which way does the nose move when the control column is pressed forwards? 3.Name the 6 primary flight instruments 4.What do runway numbers indicate? 5.What is Zulu time?

Types of Aircraft There are many different types of aircraft –Fixed Wing or Rotary Wing –Powered or Glider –Piston or Turbine –Single or Multi-engine

Fixed WingRotary Wing What about these? F-111 V-22 Osprey

Powered GliderPiston Turbine Single Engine Multi-Engine

Many of the principles we will discuss apply to all types of aircraft. However, this class (all the Aviation Theory Courses actually) will focus on fixed wing, single engine, piston powered aircraft.

Parts of the Aircraft See Figure 1-56 page 21 Cabin –Where passengers sit Cockpit –Where the crew sits (pilot, co-pilot, navigator, etc) Engine –Makes thrust (push forward) Wing –Makes lift (push up) Wheels –Lets you roll, ground operations Fuselage –Centre section, main body Empennage –Back end, vertical and horizontal stabilizers, tail assembly Control Surfaces (a.k.a. effectors) –Moving bits that alter the airflow Antenna –Communication is very important

How does the aircraft fly? Pressure –Specifically, aircraft fly by using air pressure –Pressure is the amount of force divided by the area over which it acts –P = F/A If you multiply the pressure and the area over which it acts, and sum these up for the entire surface area of an object, you get the net resultant force acting on that object –F =  PA

Static, Dynamic, Total Static pressure is caused by random molecular motion Dynamic Pressure is caused by relative motion between the air and the object Total pressure is the sum of static and dynamic Air pressure is due to air molecules striking an object

Forces on an aircraft Weight –Gravity pulls the aircraft down Lift –Wings are designed to create an air pressure distribution that results in a net force. The component of the net force that is perpendicular to the relative wind is called lift Thrust –Pushes the aircraft forward. This generates speed and the relative airflow needed for the wings to generate lift Drag –The component of the net resultant force that is parallel to the relative wind is called drag Side Force –The component of the net resultant force that is perpendicular to lift and drag weight thrust lift drag relative wind

Moments on the aircraft Moments are generated by forces that do not act through the centre of gravity Moments cause rotation –Pitch –Roll –Yaw Pitch Roll Yaw

Stability and Control Stability refers to the ability to maintain some desired condition without pilot input (i.e. steady straight and level). It is a function of –The shape of the vehicle –The location of the centre of gravity –The flight condition Control refers to the ability to respond to pilot input to change from one desired condition to another. It is a function of –The size and location of the control surfaces –The rate and position limits of the control surfaces –The flight condition

How does a pilot fly? See Figure 1-59, page 22 –Cockpit inceptors Stuff you move to make things happen –Cockpit instruments Stuff you look at for information –Cockpit communications Talk to the rest of the world, or maybe just your passengers or co-pilot “Aviate, navigate, communicate”

Terminology, it’s all Greek to me Important angles (Greek letters) –Alpha,  –Theta,  –Gamma,  –Beta,  –Phi, 

Various angles and what they mean Angle of attack, Alpha,  –This is the angle between the chord line and the relative wind Pitch attitude angle, Theta,  –This is the angle between the chord line and the horizon Flight path angle, Gamma,  –This is the angle between the relative wind and the horizon  +  =  horizon chord line relative wind  = 8  = 5  = -3 chord line horizon relative wind horizon chord line

More angles Angle of side slip, Beta,  –This is the angle between the centre line and the relative wind Roll angle, Phi,  –This is the angle between the wing and the horizon  

Talking the talk Abbrev. –Aviation folks like their TLA’s (Three Letter Acronyms) –Pages 51 and 52 Directions –Heading, bearing and track (degrees) –Relative position (clock code) What’s up? –Altitude –Elevation –Height Time, when am I? –UTC, GMT, Z Units –Always know what units go with a particular number! –

For next week… Required Reading: –BAK Chapter 2, pp –Visual Flight Guide (VFG) COMMS, pp