LESSONS LEARNED FROM PAST NOTABLE DISASTERS PART III B: CHINA’ TYPHOONS Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction, Vienna, Virginia, USA

NATURAL HAZARDS THAT PLACE CHINA’S COMMUNITIES AT RISK FLOODS TYPHOONS EARTHQUAKES LANDSLIDESS ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE ENACT AND IMPLEMENT POLICIES HAVING HIGH BENEFIT/COST FOR COMMUNITY RESILIENCE GOAL: DISASTER RESILIENCE

CHINA’SCOMMUNITIESCHINA’SCOMMUNITIES DATA BASES AND INFORMATION HAZARDS: GROUND SHAKING GROUND FAILURE SURFACE FAULTING TECTONIC DEFORMATION TSUNAMI RUN UP AFTERSHOCKS TYPHOON HAZARDS BLDG. INVENTORY VULNERABILITY LOCATION TYPHOON RISK RISK ACCEPTABLE RISK UNACCEPTABLE RISK GOAL: TYPHOON DISASTER RESILIENCE PREPAREDNESS PROTECTION EARLY WARNING EMERGENCY RESPONSE RECOVERY and RECONSTRUCTION POLICY OPTIONS

POLICY ADOPTION RISK ASSESSMENT VULNERABILITYVULNERABILITY EXPOSUREEXPOSURE EVENTEVENT POLICY ASSESSMENT COSTCOST BENEFITBENEFIT CONSEQUENCESCONSEQUENCES TOWARDS TYPHOON DISASTER RESILIENCE TYPHOONSTYPHOONS EXPECTED LOSS

MAP OF CHINA’S PROVINCES

TYPHOONS CHINA IS AT RISK FROM TROPICAL STORMS AND TYPHOONS FORMING EVERY YEAR IN THE PACIFIC OCEAN AND THE SOUTH CHINA SEA

WIND PENETRATING BUILDING ENVELOPE TYPHOONS UPLIFT OF ROOF SYSTEM FLYING DEBRIS STORM SURGE IRREGULARITIES IN ELEVATION AND PLAN SITING PROBLEMS FLOODING AND LANDSLIDES CAUSES OF DAMAGE “DISASTER LABORATORIES”

20O5’S TYPHOON MATSA (second of eight to make landfall in China in 2005) Matsa made landfall late on August 5 near Yuhuan in the southern region of Zhejiang Province.

STORM TRACK OF MATSA AUGUST 2005

IMPACTS OF MATSA In the People's Republic of China, heavy rain fall in combination with strong wind destroyed about 59,000 houses and damaged more than 20,000 km 2 (7,700 sq mi) of croplands; causing 25 fatalities and $18 billion in damage [ [

2011’S SUPER TYPHOON MUIFA “A RAIN BOMB” --- AND THE WORST TYPHOON SINCE TYPHOON MATSA IN 2005

STORM TRACK OF MUIFA JULY 27 - AUGUST 10, 2011

IMPACTS OF MUIFA On August 6, as super typhoon Muifa approached Mainland China, over 200,000 people were evacuated from low-lying areas million people were evacuated from Shanghai and other locations as the storm approached landfall in northern China.

IMPACTS MUIFA Heavy rain (“the rain bomb”) and strong winds affected more than 10 provinces of China for three days, beginning on August 7

IMPACTS OF MUIFA Muifa battered the provinces of Liaoning, Zhejiang and Jiangsu, affecting 1.74 million residents, and damaging 101,000 hectares of farmland, with estimated economic losses of US $480 million.

2012’S TYPOONS WITH A FOCUS OF THOSE AFFECTING CHINA

STORM TRACKS AS OF SEPTEMBER 20, 2012

THE FORECAST UNDER- ESTIMATED THE 2012 SEASON  The actual season EXCEEDED the forecast, which was based on the expectation of El Nino’s impacts in the Pacific.  But, as forecast, China was significantly impacted.

NAMES OF 2012’S STORMS PAKHAR – March 27 MARWAR – May 31-June 6 TALIM – June 8 DOKSURI – June VICENTE – July SAOLA – July 28 DAMREY – August 1

NAMES OF 2012’S STORMS HAIKUI – August 6 KIROGI – August 9 TAI-TAK – August 16 TEMBIN – August 18 BOLAVEN – September 4 SAMBA – THE WORST, September 12 JELAWAT – September 20

NAMES OF THE STORMS OF 2012 EWINIAR – September 24 MALEKSI – September 29 GAEMI – September 29 PRAPIROON – October 7 MARIA – October 14 SON-TINH – October 19 BOPHA – Nov. 29-Dec. 5

As of August 22, 15 typhoons had formed in the northwest Pacific Ocean and south China Sea, with six of them making landfall in China, more than twice as many as in 2011.

CONSECUTIVE INPACTS IN CHINA: JULY-SEPTEMBER: 2012 Consecutive tropical storms/typhoons (Vicente, Talim, Saola, Damrey, Haikui, Kai-Tak, Talem, and Bolaven) left at least 51 died, displaced over 4.1 million people, and caused direct economic losses exceeding 1 billion USD.

TROPICAL STORM DOKSURI: JUNE 25-30

DOKSURI IMPACTED THE PHILIPPINES, TAIWAN, AND CHINA Over $54 million in wind and water damage.

LESSONS LEARNED FOR DISASTER RESILIENCE ALL TYPHOONS PREPAREDNESS MEANS THAT YOU UNDERSTAND THE RISKS ASSOCIATED WITH HIGH VELOC- ITY WIND FIELDS AND RAIN AND PLAN IN ADVANCE.

LESSONS LEARNED ABOUT DISASTER RESILIENCE ALL TYPHOONS WITHOUT ADEQUATE PROTECTION, HIGH VELOCITY WIND WILL LIFT THE ROOF OFF OF MANY BUILDINGS.

TYPHOON VINCENTE CAUSES RECORD FLOODING IN BEIJING, CHINA AREA JULY 24-25, 2012

LESSONS LEARNED ABOUT DISASTER RESILIENCE ALL TYPHOONS. DISASTER- INTELLIGENT COMMUNITIES USE TIMELY EARLY WARNING BASED ON CRITICAL INFORM- ATION TO EVACUATE PEOPLE AND PREPARE.

VICENTE

VICENTE’S PATH ENROUTE TO GUONGDONG, CHINA

SOLDIERS WITH SANDBAGS: FANGSHAN DISTRICT

VICENTE: A CAT 4 STORM After landfall in Guangdong, China on July 24th, Vincente became a rainmaker across China

VICENTE: A CAT 4 STORM WITH A REGIONAL IMPACT After landfall on July 24th in Guangdong, China, Vicente became a big rainmaker, causing regional flooding in diverse places like Beijing (the capitol) and Hong Kong.

LESSONS LEARNED FOR DISASTER RESILIENCE ALL TYPHOONS CAPACITY FOR INTELLIGENT EMERGENCY RESPONSE IS ESSENTIAL FOR COMMUNITY RESILIENCE.

VINCENTE CAUSES FLOODING IN BEIJING

BEIJING-HONG KONG-MACAO EXPRSSWAY; JULY 24, 2012

LESSONS LEARNED FOR DISASTER RESILIENCE ALL TYPHOONS CAPACITY FOR RECOVERY AND RECONSTRUCTION IS ESSENTIAL FOR COMMUNITY RESILIENCE.

BEIJING-HONG KONG-MACAO EXPRSSWAY; CLEANING UP

BEIJING-HONG KONG-MACAO EXPRSSWAY: CLEANING UP

Vicente’s flooding was devastating in spite of flood control measures added since the 1940’s: dams, km of embankments, reservoirs, and 97 flood retention areas

SOCIOECONOMIC IMPACTS Worst deluge in 61 years One day of rainfall in the Beijing area (18 inches) was equal to 6 months of normal rainfall 100 dead; 38 in Beijing area

SOCIOECONOMIC IMPACTS $1.6 billion in urban damage 57,000 forced from homes Over 12,000 hectares of agricultural food crops impacted,

TYPHOON SAOLA: JULY 28

TYPHOON DAMREY: AUGUST 1

TYPHOON HAIKUI: AUGUST 6

TYPHOON TAI-TAK (HELEN): AUGUST 15

Typhoon Kai-Tak left three people dead, one person missing and forced over 111,500 people to evacuate their homes in southwest China's Guangxi Zhuang autonomous region

TYPHOON BOLAVEN: SEPTEMBER 4

TYPHOON BOLAVEN: CHINA Typhoon Bolaven triggered heavy flooding in China's northeastern region, driving thousands from their homes.

TROPICAL STORM TALIM: CHINA; JULY 8, 2012