THE EARLY HISTORY OF MALAYSIA Chapter 1

The Early History Of Malaysia Ancient (kuno) history Paleolithic Mesolithic Neolithic Metal Age

Paleolithic The characteristics: Exist 35,000 years ago Lived in caves Main activity- collecting product & hunting Started using stone tools The tools simple & crude Area- Tampan Estuary, Badak cave (Perak), Niah Cave(sarawak) & Tingkayu (sabah).

Mesolithic The characteristics: Exist 11,000 years ago Live in caves, along rivers & lake Started farming Used more refined stone tools Able to make earthenware Area- Cha cave (Kelantan), Kecil cave (Pahang), Kepah Cave (Kedah), Jenderam Hilir (Selangor)

Neolithic The characteristic: Exist 5,000 years ago Used more sophisticated stone tools. Started rearing livestock Started communicating with communities in other places Started creating object and using accessories Area- Cha cave(Kelantan), Madai cave(Sabah), Gamantang cave(Sabah), Tengkorak cave(sarawak)..etc

Metal Age The characteristic: Exist 2,500 years ago Population grew Developed residential Areas in wide open land near rivers More orderly & sedentary lifestyle Practices social customs Area- Lang River(Selangor), Muar river(Johor), Tembeling River(Pahang), Terengganu River (Trgnu)

Protohistory Age Arise on early kingdoms in the Malay Archipelago It proves by founding of archaeological evidence & some record from Yunan, Arab, Persians, China & India.

What is Malay Archipelago??? Largest group of islands in the world located off the southeastern coast of Asia between the Indian and Pacific oceans It consists of the more than 13,000 islands of Indonesia and some 7,000 islands of the Philippines Principal islands include the Greater Sunda Islands (Sumatra, Java, Borneo, and Celebes), the Lesser Sundas, the Moluccas, New Guinea, Luzon, Mindanao, and the Visayan Islands.

Malay kingdoms in Malay Archipelago Funan- located in Kampuchea, influence by Old Kedah religion. E.g. Pengkalan Bujang Old Kedah- monarchy system, strategic location, important entreport, influence by Hinduism & Buddhism. Gangga Negara – port & trade centre Langkasuka, Patani- trade centre, influence by Hinduism & Buddhism

cont’d… Chih-tu, Kelantan- influence by Buddhism, strong relationship with China Srivijaya, Sumatera- well-known trade centre, strong relationship with China & India, centre of Buddhism & Sanskrit language, own several vassal States. Majapahit, Jawa- Owned several vassal states, trade centre, strong relationship with China, India & the Middle East.

THE MALAY KINGDOM OF MALACCA

THE MALAY KINGDOM OF MALACCA

THE MALAY KINGDOM OF MALACCA Bendahara Year Bendahara Seri Wak Raja Bendahara Seri Nara Diraja Tun Ali Bendahara Paduka Raja Tun Perak Bendahara Tun Puteh Bendahara Seri Maharaja Tun Mutahir Bendahara Tepok Paduka Tuan 1445 1445-1456 1456-1498 1498-1500 1500-1510 1510-1511

The GOLDEN AGE of Malacca Known as The Venice of The East Spread of Islam Vast territory Strong trade relations with China & India Empire of advance civilization

The GOLDEN AGE of Malacca

Named of Sultan of the Malay Kingdom of Malacca since 1400 until 1511 before it fall to the Portuguese.

Fall of the Malacca Empire Factors decline of Malacca Empire internal external

Fall of the Malacca Empire Internal Sultan Mahmud Syah was a weak ruler. He paid little attention to the administration. 2. Weak administration and lacked an efficient leader. Chief Minister Tun Mutahir was a weak leader and there were often struggles for power. 3. Fights between Malays and Indian-Muslims. Chief Minister Tun Mutahir gave more attentions to Indian-Muslims people compared to Malays. 4. Merchant’s activities decreased. Defamation and bribing were rife and high taxes forces merchants to divert to other ports. 5. Sea people do not help Malacca against Portuguese. Continued misunderstanding and disputes caused segregation among the people.

Fall of the Malacca Empire External . Discovery of the Cape of Good Hope in South Africa. Bartholomew Diaz found the route in 1488. This made it easier to sail from the West to the East. . Bad attitude from outsiders. Chinese and Indians merchants help Portuguese when the Malacca was attacked. . Malacca was taken by Portuguese on 1511. The Portuguese took over Malacca on 25 August 1511 while Sultan Mahmud Syah escapes to Muar, Pahang and Bintan. . Internal Conflicts. The weak disunity among peoples and high taxes caused many of the merchants to move to other ports.